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20 |
P a g e
Complete the summary using the list
of words and phrases
A-M
below.
Write the correct letter, A-Min boxes 27-34 on your answer sheet.
NB
You may use any letter more than once.
How can owls rotate their heads by 27 ........... 270 degrees? The many small bones that
make up the neck and spine enable them to achieve 28 ........... movement.A research
team has discovered that in 29 ........... ,their vascular network has
adapted to make the
rotation possible. Owls' carotid arteries are 30 ........... the spine, at the centre of rotation.
This means the arteries endure 31
........... strain when the head is turned. In addition,
the vessels 32
........... their heads can expand, creating reservoirs of blood to supply the
brain when the head is turned. And the cavities in the neck vertebrae, through which
the
vessels pass, are extremely 33 ........... , giving the vessels space to move around
when twisted. All this is necessary because their eyes can't move: owls can only look 34
........... ahead.
A
flexible
B
as much as
C
at the base of
D
in front of
E
intense
F
limited
G
far less
H
multiple
I
in excess of
J
to the side of
K
various ways
L
large
M
straight
Questions 35-40
Complete each sentence with the correct ending,
A-H
below.
Write the correct letter,
A-H
in boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet.
35. The bone structure and circulatory system of owls has evolved in order to
36. Humans'
arteries tend to
37. Scientists injected dye into the blood vessels of dead owls in order to
38. When humans attempt sudden twists of their neck they are more likely to
39. The back;up arteries
of owls are designed to
40. Owls have a huge range of vision which enables them to
A collect any excess blood created in the process of turning.
B cope with their very large heads.
C
damage the lining of their blood vessels.
D decrease in size.
E make them lighter.