References used introduction

Goalkeeper
Main article: Goalkeeper (water polo)
The goalkeeper has the main role in blocking shots against the goal as well as guiding and informing their defense of imposing threats and gaps in the defense. The goalkeeper usually begins the offensive play by passing the ball across the pool to an attacker. It is not unusual for a goalkeeper to make an assisting pass to a goal on a break away.
The goalkeeper is given several privileges above those of the other players, but only within the five-meter area in front of their own goal:
The ability to punch the ball with a clenched fist,
The ability to touch the ball with two hands.
In general, a foul that would cause an ejection of a field player might bring on a five-metre shot on the goalkeeper.[10] Also, if a goalkeeper pushes the ball under water, the action will not be punished with a turnover like with field players, but with a penalty shot.

Standard Provisions A corner kick is awarded if a player knocks the ball over his own gate line or the ball touched that player last before leaving the gate line. A corner kick is performed by a player of the opposing team from a two-meter line. A held-ball is appointed if the judge cannot determine which of the players has violated the rules first. When playing a held-ball, the players of both teams must be at the same distance from the place where the rules have been violated, and that is where the judge will throw the ball. As soon as the ball touches the water, players will be able to touch the ball.
Judging
The panel of judges consists of the chief judge, the scorekeeper, and the judges at the gate. The chief judge has an unlimited right to vote in matters related to the scoring of a goal, corner throws, goal-throws, as well as violations of the rules.

The scorekeeper controls leaving the field. The judges at the gate are located on the sides of the pool at the level of the gate line. They give the following signals flags: a white flag on the “offside” position, a red flag — about the execution of a corner ball, flags of both colors — about scoring the goal.