Risk Management Evaluation Endosulfan
Suggested risk management measures
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Suggested risk management measures244.The Committee recommends time limited specific exemptions for uses of PFOA, its salts and PFOA-related compounds where sufficient information was provided as indicated in the concluding statement section. Concluding statement245.The Committee decides, in accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8 of the Convention, to recommend to the Conference of the Parties that it consider listing pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (CAS No: 335-67-1, PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid), its salts and PFOA-related compounds in Annex A or B to the Convention with specific exemptions for the following: (a) For five years from the date of entry into force of the amendment in accordance with Article 4: (i) Manufacture of semiconductors or related electronic devices: a. Equipment or fabrication plant related infrastructure containing fluoropolymers and/or fluoroelastomers with PFOA residues; b. Legacy equipment or legacy fabrication plant related infrastructure: maintenance; c. Photo-lithography or etch processes; (ii) Photographic coatings applied to films; (iii) Textiles for oil and water repellency for the protection from dangerous liquids for the protection of workers from risks to their health and safety; (b) For ten years from the date of entry into force of the amendment for manufacture of semiconductors or related electronic devices: refurbishment parts containing fluoropolymers and/or fluoroelastomers with PFOA residues for legacy equipment or legacy refurbishment parts; (c) For use of perfluorooctane iodide, production of perfluorooctane bromide for the purpose of producing pharmaceutical products with a review of continued need for exemptions. The specific exemption should expire in any case at the latest in 2036. 246.Parties and observers, including the relevant industries, are invited to provide, information that would assist the possible defining by the Committee of specific exemptions for production and use of PFOA, its salts and PFOA-related compounds in particular in the following applications: (a) Membranes intended for use in medical textiles, filtration in water treatment, production processes and effluent treatment: information on the scope of the applications, used amounts, availability of alternatives and socio-economic aspects; (b) Transported isolated intermediates in order to enable reprocessing in another site than the production site: information on the quantities used, extent of transport and risks, and use; (c) Medical devices: information on specific applications/uses and timelines foreseen as needed for potential related exemptions; (d) Implantable medical devices: information on the quantities used, extent of transport and risks, and use; (e) Photo imaging sector: information on paper and printing, and information relevant for developing countries; (f) Automotive industry: information on spare parts; (g) Firefighting foams: information on chemical composition of mixtures and the volumes of pre-installed amount of firefighting foam mixtures. For the applications above, information regarding socio-economic aspects as well as other relevant information is also welcomed. 247.Furthermore, Parties and observers are invited to provide information that would assist the further evaluation by the Committee of pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (CAS No: 335-67-1, PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid), its salts and PFOA-related compounds in relation to its unintentional formation and release, in particular from primary aluminum production and from incomplete combustion. References Please note: Information request submission and comments related to the risk management evaluation are available at the Stockholm Convention website at http://chm.pops.int/tabid/5339/Default.aspx. [Ackermann and Massey, 2006] The Economics of Phasing Out PVC.Global Development and Environment Institute (GDAE) Tufts University. Available from: http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/Economics_of_PVC_revised.pdf [Air Services Australia, 2016] Gold Coast Airport Preliminary Site Investigation.GHD. Available at: http://www.airservicesaustralia.com/wp-content/uploads/251713_Final_PSI-Report.pdf [AMR, 2015] Archroma Media Release. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.archroma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/ARCHPR034EN0215-Cartaguard-KST.pdf. [ATSDR, 2015] Draft toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls. August 2015. Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf. [AU Health Dep, 2017] Australian Government, Department of Health. Fact sheet: Health Based Guidance Values for PFAS for use in site investigations in Australia. 2017. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/2200FE086D480353CA2580C900817CDC/$File/
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1 PFOA-related compounds are differently defined according to the chemical scope in different approaches. In this document, the term “PFOA-related compounds” is used as defined in section 1.1. If quoted from other information sources the original wording of analogue terms, such as “PFOA-related substances” (e.g. used in ECHA 2015a), is maintained. 2 DuPont, 1998. Technical information: Zonyl fluorochemical intermediates. 3 Fluoropolymers have a carbon-only polymer backbone with F directly attached to backbone C atoms. 4 Such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer) and PFA (perfluoroalkoxy polymer). 5 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.13/INF/6/Add.1. 6http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/POPsReviewCommittee/Meetings/POPRC12/POPRC12Followup/PFOAInfo/tabid/5453/Default.aspx. 7 http://www.ec.gc.ca/epe-epa/default.asp?lang=En&n=AE06B51E-1. 8 Under the Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations a “manufactured item” is a product “formed into a specific physical shape or design during its manufacture and that has, for its final use, a function or functions dependent in whole or in part on its shape or design.” Examples of manufactured items include semiconductors and frying pans, but would exclude products such as firefighting foams, inks, paints, or coatings (Canada Comments on 1st draft RME). 9 https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfass-under-tsca. 10 Commercial products containing primarily >99% of one individual homologue may exist; this requires additional purification processes. 11 https://echa.europa.eu/registry-of-current-restriction-proposal-intentions/-/substance-rev/16121/term. 12 See http://www.healthvermont.gov/response/environmental/pfoa-drinking-water-2016. 13 See http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/dwc_quality_pfoa.html. 14 HBM I value represents the concentration of a substance in a body matrix below which, according to the Commission’s current assessment, adverse health effects are not expected and therefore, no exposure reduction measures are necessary. 15 https://www.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/Leksikon/Sider/Papir-og-pap.aspx. 16 https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/331cad_188bf72c523c46adac082278ac019a7b.pdf. 17 Technical textiles with high performance requirements means textiles such as textiles for the protection of workers from risks to their health and safety or textile membranes intended for use in medical textiles, filtration in water treatment or production processes and effluent treatment. 18 Oficio DFIA/SDA/MAPA nº 123/2008 from Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Animal and Plant Protection Secretariat Agriculture Inputs Inspection Department. 19 See https://www.dus.com/de-de/konzern/unternehmen/verantwortung/umweltschutz/ gew%C3%A4sserschutz/grundwassersanierung. 20 The costs have to by beard by the community according to the results of a court case (https://www.wp.de/staedte/altkreis-brilon/ruhrverband-klagt-im-pft-umweltskandal-auf-schadenersatz-id9731569.html). 21 IUPAC name: Ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate; CAS No: 62037-80-3. 22 See https://fluorocouncil.com/Resources/Research. 23 Information from Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (former StatensForurensningstilsyn), 2009. 24 https://bfr.ble.de/kse/faces/DBEmpfehlung_en.jsp. 25 http://chm.pops.int/tabid/4814/Default.aspx. 26 To date there is no scientific paper available, but some information is provided by the local authorities (in German see http://www.landkreis-rastatt.de/,Lde/PFC.html and http://www.baden-baden.de/stadtportrait/aktuelles/themen/pfc-problematik/. 27 http://www.star-energiewerke.de/de/Kopfnavigation/News/Pressearchiv-2017/ PFC-Folge-In-Rastatt-steigt-der-Preis-fuer-Trinkwasser.html. 28 http://www.saicm.org/Home/tabid/5410/language/en-US/Default.aspx. 29 http://www.oecd.org/ehs/pfc/. 30 Synopsis reports are published on an annual basis and the most recent report is available at http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/ncp/Synopsis20152016.pdf. 31 Additional information on the program is available at http://www.science.gc.ca/ncp . 32 http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Miljoarbete-i-samhallet/Miljoarbete-i-Sverige/Miljoovervakning/Miljoovervakning/Miljogiftssamordning/. 33 http://ki.se/en/imm/health-related-environmental-monitoring-hami. 34 https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/topics/health/assessing-environmentally-related-health-risks/ german-environmental-surveys/german-environmental-survey-2014-2017-geres-v#textpart-1. 35 Note (iii) of Part I of Annexes A and B to the Stockholm Convention. 36 http://old.saicm.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=566&Itemid=775. K1708702 180118 Yüklə 262,92 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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