Sheet Metal Forming

Index / 357
roll forming process, 211(F)
roll material selection, 220
split rolls, 220
springback, 220
strategies, 217–218
bending sequences, 217, 218(F)
constant arc length bending methods, 217(F)
constant arc length method, 217(F)
constant radius bending, 217(F)
constant radius method, 217(F)
flower diagram, 217–218(F)
vertical leveling strategies, 218(F)
Young’s modulus, 220
roll forming lines, 212–215(F)
brazing, 215
cut-off machines, 215
defined, 212
double-head machines, 213–214(F)
drive units, 214
embossing, 213
forming closed profiles, 215
inboard-type machines, 213, 214
lubrication, 215
main control unit, 215
outboard machine, 213, 214
parts of, 212–213
peripheral units, 215
raft-type machines, 214(F)
roll forming machine, 213(F)
roll stands, 212–213
side roll stands, 214
soldering, 215
welding, 215
roll stands, 212–213, 214
roll wear, 220
roller dies, 213, 214
rotary bending, 35–37(F)
rotary draw bending, 187–189(F), 190(F,T)
bend die, 187
bending methods, 188(F)
clamp die, 187
draw bending machine, 189(F)
pressure die, 187–189
thickness distribution, 189, 190(F)
tube dimensions/material properties, 190(T)
wiper die, 189
rotating die, 35
rubber-pad forming, 160, 162(F)
S
Saab Automobile AB, 133
salt baths, 321, 324, 329
sandblasted, 153–154
Saturn V moon rocket, 237
scaling, 150, 153, 284, 285
Schnupp hydromechanical press, 173
Schuler SMG, 175–176
scratching tests, 120, 330(F)
seamless tubes, 181
self-feeding (SF) approach, 202–204(F,T)
pressure curve and axial feed curves, 204(F)
simulations, 204(T)
self-feeding axial feed, 203
self-piercing riveting (SPR), 290–291(F)
sensors, 309
acoustic emission sensors, 307(F), 308(F)
contactless optical sensor, 309
displacement sensors, 304–307(F)
draw-in sensor, 309, 310(F)
eddy current sensors, 308
eddy-current-based material properties evaluation, 311
eddy current material testing, 312(F)
ETG-100 steel, 311, 313(F)
silver, 314(F)
flatpack proximity sensor, 306(F)
force sensors installation
die plug installation, 304(F)
frame mounting, 303(F)
in-die mounting, 303–304
normal and an incorrect tool setup, 304(F)
overview, 303
force-monitoring devices, 301
inductive proximity sensor, 305(F)
LED, 305
load cells, 302(F)
for lubrication, 312, 315(F)
LVDTs, 304–305(F), 309
machine vision systems, 309–311(F)
material flow measurement, 308–309(F), 310(F)
online material property evaluation, 311
overview, 301
photoelectric sensors
direct reflective, 306(F)
example application, 307(F)
opposed-mode, 305–306(F)
optical convergent, 306–307(F)
overview, 305
piezoelectric force sensors, 302
portable infrared analyzer, 315(F)
proximity sensors, 305(F)
reflex sensors, 306(F)
retroreflective sensors, 306(F)
roller ball sensor, 309(F)
strain gages
strain gage, 302(F)
strain gage load cell, 302(F)
Wheatstone bridge circuit, 302(F)
3-D images, 310–311
through-beam or transmitted beam sensors, 305– 
306
tool breakage and flaws in parts, 307–308(F)
ultrasonic sensors, 307–308(F)
wrinkle sensor, 309, 310(F)
servo-driven presses
slide motion, 98(F)
springback in stamping, 128
servo-motor-driven presses, 95–96, 97(F), 98(F), 128
Seventh European LS-DYNA Conference, 143
shape roll forming, 217

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