Sheet Metal Forming

354 / Sheet Metal Forming—Processes and Applications
Nihon Kohsakuyu Co., Ltd., 153
NIKE3D, 52(T)
nitriding
D2 tool steel, 324(F)
DP 600, 122(T), 335(T)
DP 800, 122(T), 335(T)
DP 1000, 122(T), 335(T)
duplex coating, 327(F)
gas nitriding, 324
ion (plasma) nitriding, 324, 326(F)
ion-nitrided forming tool, 325(F)
liquid (salt bath) nitriding, 324
plasma, 121
PVD coatings, 326
ranking of, 332(T)
tool hardening treatments, 324(F,T), 325(F)
tool steel materials selection, 121(T)
tool steel selection, 335(T)
nitrogen cylinder cushions, 10–11
nondestructive methods, 311
nonferrous metals, 318
nonmetallic materials, 318
NUMIFORM, 68
NUMISHEET, 68
O
off-center loads, 124
oil canning, 218, 219
Opel Astra, 199
Opel Vectra, 173
open-die system, 197, 199(F)
optical/laser sensors, 44(F)
OPTRIS, 52(T)
organic coatings, 120
oval spinning, 256, 257(F)
overbending, 36(F), 37
oxidation prevention
aluminum-silicon-base, 154
effects of, 153–154
iron-zinc-base, 154
overview, 153
X-Tec—nanotechnology-based coating, 154
P
pad holder, 162
PAMSTAMP, 52(T)
hot stamping simulation, 62, 65
ISF, 284
loading paths, 202
progressive die design, 81–82
springback and bending, AHSS, 66(T)
V-die bending, 27, 28(F)
PAMSTAMP (2000), 59(F), 169–170
PAMSTAMP-2G (2011), 53, 56
pancake coils, 243
pancake tool coils, 236
percentage thinning, 54
photodiodes, 305
phototransistors, 305
physical vapor deposition (PVD), 121
plating and coating, 324–327(F,T), 328(F)
piercing, 1(F). 
See also
blanking
blanking, difference between, 1
description of, 1
electromagnetic forming, 242, 243(F)
joining, 242
load-stroke-curve, 3(F)
theoretical load-stroke curve, 3(F)
pilots, 9–10(F)
pin-on-disk test, 120, 330(F)
plasma-enhanced CVD, 328
plastic deformation
AHSS, 109
air bending, 29
bending under tension, 25
blanking clearance, effect of, 4
blanking process, 1
burr zone, 4
deep drawing, 331
of the die, 199
galling/wear tests, 330
high-velocity forming, 227
ISF, 273, 277, 280, 285
roll forming, 215
scratching tests, 330
shearing force, 15
through hardening, 320
tool design considerations, 199, 201(T)
tool failure, 317
tool materials, 317
transformation-induced plasticity, 142
V-die bending, 34
plating and coating
AHSS, 334(T)
CVD, 326(F), 327–329(F,T)
coating thicknesses and process temperature, 326(F)
defined, 327–328
materials and properties, 329(T)
enabled plasma-assisted CVD, 328
hard chrome plating, 324
Carmo die after 50,000 stampings, 325(F)
cast iron FCD700, 326(F)
organic coatings, 120
PVD
applications, 327(F)
coating thicknesses and process temperature, 326(F)
crack in PVD Layer, 327(F)
materials and properties, 326(T)
residual stresses, 327(F)
PVD coatings, 324–327(F,T), 328(F)
selection guidelines
benchmark studies, 332–334(F,T)
comparative studies, 332(T)
ranking (ten coatings), 333(T)
TD coating, 326(F), 329, 330(T)
platings. 
See
plating and coating
pneumatic bulge tooling, 102(F)
Poisson’s ratio, 142, 143, 144(T)

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