Sheet Metal Forming

356 / Sheet Metal Forming—Processes and Applications
punch (blanking) (continued)
punch profiles, 3(F)
punch shapes, 7(T)
punch stagger, 7, 8(F)
rigidity during impact, 8
shearing, 1(F)
stripper plate, 9(F)
stripping, 1(F), 2
UHS, 12
punch corner radius, 4, 61, 75, 78, 158
punch point geometry, 8
punch stagger, 7, 8(F)
punch velocity
Al 5754-O, 99(F)
AZ31-O, 99(F)
blanking/piercing, 55(T)
deep drawing, 98
high-velocity mechanical forming, 233
magnesium alloy sheet, 99
magnesium AZ31-O, 99(F)
progressive die design, 77
SHF-P, 61(T)
springback, 129(F)
UHS, 12
punch wear, 8–9(F), 10
punch-die clearance, 4, 5(F), 8(F), 9, 22, 125(T)
Q
quartz, 302
quenching
B-pillar simulation, 144–145, 146(F)
case (surface) hardening, 322–323
case hardening, 322–323
induction hardening, 323
laser beam hardening, 323
self-quenching, 322–323
quick die-change mechanism, 173
quick plastic forming (QPF), 102–103(F), 173, 174(F)
Quintus fluid cell presses, 164(F)
R
radial cracks, 253
ram bending, 187, 188(F)
recoil, 41, 42(F)
relief valve, 158
residual stresses
bending, 19
flare defect, 220
ISF, 282, 283
progressive die forming, 73
PVD, 327(F)
PVD coatings, 326–327(F), 328(F)
roll forming, 220
springback, 126
retained austenite
AHSS, 107, 108(T), 113
through hardening, 320–322
TRIP steels, 109
reverse tonnage. 
See
snap-through forces
riveting
HSPR, 291–293
damage value distribution, 293(F)
DEFORM, 292
effective stress distributions, 292(F)
operational sequence, 292(F)
SPR, difference between, 293
overview, 289
punch riveting, 289–290(F)
rivets, 289
self-piercing riveting at elevated temperatures, 293
SPR, 290–291(F), 293
rivets, 289
robots, 275(F), 276
rocker die, 35
Rockwell B (HRB) scale, 320
Rockwell C (HRC) scale, 320
Rockwell hardness, 320, 321(F), 322(F)
roll bending
bending of the ends, 37
overview, 37(F)
three-roll bending, 37(F)
roll forming
AHSS, 223–224
applications, 212
branched profiles, 223, 224(F)
CAD roll form design, 220–221
ceramic coating, 220
defects in parts, 218–220(F)
future of, 224
HSS, 223–224
line speed, 211
linear flow splitting, 223
longitudinal bow, 219
longitudinal strain, 219
materials processed, 211
metal-nonmetal composites, 212
mill configurations, 214(F)
nitriding, 220
overview, 211–212
prefinished materials, 212
product classification, 211
product examples, 212(F)
recent developments
branched profiles, 224(F)
flexible roll forming, 221–223(F)
new materials, 223–224
overview, 221
tailored rolled blank, 224(F)
variable strip geometries, 223
roll design
longitudinal bending, 216(F)
overview, 215
principles of, 215–216
real behavior of bending zone, 216(F)
strip width calculation, 216–217
theoretical approach, 216(F)
roll forming lines, 212–215
roll forming machine, 213(F)

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