Stry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan state university of world languages

Tongue Position
The tongue may move forward, backward, up, down, thus changing the quality of vowels.
1. When the tongue is in the front part of the mouth and the front part of the tongue is raised to the hard palate a front vowel is pronounced.
They are – [i: e ǽ]
2. When the tongue is in the front part of the mouth but slightly retracted and the part of the tongue nearer to the centre than to front is raised, a front-retracted vowel is pronounced.
It is – [i].
3. When the front of the tongue is raised towards the back part of the hard palate the vowel is called central.
They are – [Λ ə: ə].
4. When the tongue is in the back part of the mouth and the back of it is raised towards the soft palate a back vowel is pronounced.
They are – [a: o o: u:].
5. When the tongue is in the back part of the mouth but is slightly advanced and the central part of it is raised towards the front part of the soft palate a back-advanced vowel is pronounced.
It is – [U].
Moving up and down in the mouth the tongue may be raised to different height towards the roof of the mouth.
1. When the front or the back of the tongue is raised high towards the palate the vowel is called close.
They are – [ i: I u u:].
2. When the front or the back of the tongue is as low as possible in the mouth open vowels are pronounced.
They are – [ǽ a: o o:].
3. When the highest part of the tongue occupies the position intermediate between the close and the open one mid vowels are pronounced.
They are – [e Λ ə: ə].
Lip Position
When the lips are neutral or spread the vowels are called unrounded.
They are – [i: i e ǽ a: Λ ə: ə].
When the lips are drawn together so that the opening between them is more or less round the vowel is called rounded.
They are – [o o: u u:].