Vowel Length
All English vowels are divided into long and short vowels.
Long vowels are – /i//ɑ//ɔ/ /u/ /ɜ/
Short vowels are – /ɪ//e/ /æ/ /ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ʊ/ /ǝ/
The stability of articulation
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monophthongs
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[i e ǽ a: o o: u Λ ə: ə ]
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diphthongs
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[ei ai oi au əu iə εə uə]
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diphthongoids
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[i: u:]
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Vowel Length
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Long vowels
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/i//ɑ//ɔ/ /u/ /ɜ/
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Short vowels
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/ɪ//e/ /æ/ /ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ʊ/ /ǝ/
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Lip position
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Rounded
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[o o: u u:]
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Unrounded
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[i: i e ǽ a: Λ ə: ə]
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Typological characteristics of English, Uzbek and Russian language vowel phonemes
English, Uzbek and Russian languages vowel phonemes
Vowels are normally made with the air stream that meets no obstruction in the mouth, pharyngeal and nasal cavities.
On the articulatory level in English the description of vowels notes changes:
1.in the stability of articulation
2.in the tongue position
3.in the lip position
4.in their length
In Uzbek and Russian they are described:
1. according to the lips position.
2. according to the vertical movement of the tongue.
3. according to the horizontal movement of the tongue .
English has:
1.) 10 monophthongs: /i/, /e/, /ǽ/, /u/, /٨/, /ә/, /a:/, /o/, /o:/, /ә:/.
2.) 8 diphthongs: glides to [i] -/ei/, /oi/, /ai/;
glides to [u] -/au/, /әu/, /uә/;
glides to [ә] - /iә/, /εә/
3.) 2 diphthongoids /i:/, /u:/
Thus, the phonemic inventory of English vowels includes 20 phonemes and 6 vowel letters a, i, e, u, o, y, Uzbek has 6 vowel phonemes [i], [e], [a], [u], [o'], [o] and letters i, e, a, u, o‘, o. Russian also has 6 vowel phonemes [и], [ы], [у],[э], [о], [а] and 10 vowel letters а, о, э, и, у, ы, е, ё, ю, я.
Tongue Position
According to the tongue position vowels divided into forward, mid, backward, up, down in all compared languages. According to the tongue position English vowels divided into 5 types but in Uzbek and Russian languages they are in 3 types:
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front vowel
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front-retracted vowel
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