The plan of practical classes of the discipline "Topographic anatomy and operative surgery"

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The plan of practical classes of the discipline "Topographic anatomy and operative surgery” 
for students of the 2nd cours of the specialty 31.05.01 "General Medicine" for the 2021-2022 
academic year 
№ 
Themes 
1. 
Introduction into the discipline. The methods of studying. The concept of the 
topographical anatomy and operative surgery. The concept of the surgical 
operation. Classification of the operations, their stages.
Mastering manual skills. Fundamentals of general surgical technique. Seam 
technique. Rules for the use of surgical instruments. Technique of knitting surgical 
knots. The imposition of skin sutures on models: single (nodal, single mattress, 
stitch by Spasokukotsky and Donati), continuous (twisting, continuous mattress, 
stitch by Multanovsky), intradermal continuous (cosmetic). 
2. 
Skin grafting. The terms of the plasty. Indications for the operation. Histology of 
scin. The main methods: by local tissues, by pedicle flap, by free skin transplants. 
Free plasty with flaps of different thicknesses. Tiersch’s method, Dragstead-
Wilson’s method, Limberg’s method. The Indian and Italian methods of 
rinoplasty. Bridge pedicle by Sklifasovsky. The scingrafting of round-shaped 
pedicle by Filatov. 
Mastering manual skills.1. Formation of the Filatov`s stem. Skin grafting by 
Limberg.
3. 
Topography of the gluteal region: boundaries, layers, the projection of vascular-
nervous bundles on the skin, fatty tissue space and ways of puss dissemination. 
Surgical access to gluteal arteries, peculiarities of dressing. Blockade of sciatic 
nerve. 
Mastering manual skills.Clinical and anatomical substantiation of the technique for 
performing s / c and i/ m injections, blockade of the sciatic nerve, skin incisions for 
drainage of abscesses and phlegmon. Blockade of the sciatic nerve. 
4. 
Surgical anatomy of the hip joint. The posterior aspect of the thigh and popliteal 
fossa: boundaries, layers, ways of spreading of puss. The projection of sciatic 
nerve. The projection of vascular-nervous bundle of popliteal fossa
 
and its 
topography. The surgical access to popliteal artery through Gobert’s fossa. Arterial 
collateral network of the knee joint. Ligation of the popliteal artery and reduction
of collateral blood flow. The puncture of hip joint. 
Mastering manual skills. The structure of the hip joint, peculiarities in children and 
the elderly. Joint puncture points. Clinical and anatomical substantiation of the 
pathology of childhood (congenital dislocations of the hip, osteochondropathy of 
the femoral head - Perthes disease, hip dysplasia) and old age (fracture of the 
femoral neck). Diagnosis. 
5. 
Topographical anatomy of the anterior aspect of the thigh. The topography of 
femoral triangle (boundaries, bottom, vascular-nervous bundle). Topography of 
femoral canal, walls and openings. Femoral hernia. The topography of the adductor 
canal. Projection of the femoral artery on the skin. Surgical access to the femoral 

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artery, collateral
 
blood flow in case of ligation of femoral artery. Cross-section of 
thigh in the middle third. 
Mastering manual skills. Operations for femoral hernia. Projection of the femoral 
artery on the skin. Surgical access to the femoral artery, collateral blood flow 
during its ligation.
6. 
Topography of knee joint. Puncture of the joint. Topography of the shin: anterior 
and posterior aspects, boundaries, muscles. The projection of vascular-nervous 
bundle on the skin. Cross-section of the shin in the middle third.
Mastering manual skills.Surgical access to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. 
Features of the clinical anatomy of the knee joint. Substantiation of limb deformity 
in case of ligament rupture, clinical symptoms: "drawer", balloting of the patella. 
Puncture points of the knee joint. 
7. 
Topographical anatomy of foot. The dorsal aspect and sole: boundaries, layers.
Vessels and nerves, their projection on the skin. Canalis malleolaris, calcaneal 
canal. Ankle joint. Transverse joint of tarsus (Shopar). Tarsometatarsal joint 
(Lisphrank). Ways of spreading of puss.
Mastering manual skills.Clinical and anatomical substantiation of various types of 
flat feet. Congenital malformations of the lower limb: congenital clubfoot and flat 
foot. The pathological positions of the foot in case of damage the tibial, common, 
superficial and deep peroneal nerves. Ankle puncture points. Ways of distribution 
of pus on cellulose. Operations in phlegmons of the foot. Scin incisions by 
Delorm. 
8. 
Amputation and exarticulation
 
of limbs. Methods of amputation. Amputation 
technique. Formation of skin flaps, cutting of muscle, periosteum, bone, 
debridement of vessels and nerves. Exarticulation of toes by Garandzho. 
Amputation of a foot by Sharp. Osteo
-plastic