amputation of shin by Pirogov. Shin amputation in the middle third by
fascioplastical
method. Thigh amputation by Pirogov. Thigh amputation by Gritti-
Shimanorsky. The peculiarities of the amputations in children.
9.
Topography of scapular region. Deltoid region, infraclavicular region. Boundaries,
layers, muscular-facial compartments. Vessels and nerves. Ways of puss
dissemination. Scapular arterial collateral circle. Opening of phlegmon of scapular
region.
10.
Topographical anatomy of axillary region: boundaries, walls of axillary fossa.
Three-lateral and quadrilateral foramens.
A
xillary vascular-nervous bundle,
projection of axillary artery on to the skin. Anatomy of brachial plexus. Axillary
lymph nodes. Spreading of puss from axillary fossa. Surgical access to the axillary
artery, its ligation, reduction of collateral blood flow.
Mastering manual skills. Spread of pus from the armpit. Surgical access to the
axillary artery, its ligation, restoration of collateral blood flow. Phlegmon of the
axillary fossa Clinical and anatomical substantiation of shoulder dislocations and
methods of their reduction. Shoulder puncture. Amputation of the shoulder using a
two-flap skin-fascial method.
11.
Shoulder joint. External features, peculiarities of its structure. Topography-
anatomical reasons of shoulder joint dislocation. Topography of upper arm:
boundaries, muscular- facial compartments. Brachial vascular-nervous bundle.
Brachial artery projection. Topography of the nervus medianus, radialis, ulnaris
.
Puncture of the shoulder joint. Cross-section of up upper arm in the middle third.
Amputation of upper arm.
Mastering manual skills. Dissemination of pus from the armpit. Surgical access to
the axillary artery, its ligation, restoration of collateral blood flow. Phlegmon of the
axillary fossa. Clinical and anatomical substantiation of shoulder dislocations and
methods of their reduction. Shoulder puncture. Amputation of the arm using a two-
flap skin-fascial method.
12.
Elbow joint. Peculiarities of its structures
.
Topography of the cubital fossa: limits,
neurovascular bundles. Puncture of the elbow joint. Topography of anterior aspect
of forearm. Limits, muscular facial compartments, muscular layers. neurovascular
bundles, their projection on to the skin. Topography of the fatty tissue space by
Pirogov-Paron. Cross-section of the forearm in the middle third. Flaps forearm
amputation. Opening of phlegmons
of anterior aspect of forearm.
Mastering manual skills. Fractures of the bones of the shoulder and forearm "in a
typical site." Principles of applying bandages. Projection lines of the main vessels.
Application of arterial and venous tourniquet. Elbow puncture. Technique for
filling systems for intravenous drip infusions. Puncture of the elbow joint.
Amputation of the forearm with a circular skin cuff. Surgical incisions for
phlegmon of the cellular space of Pirogov-Paron.
13.
Topographical anatomy of the wrist. The palm of the wrist. External features,
projection of vessels and nerves. Muscular facial compartments, their contents.
Topography of synovial sheath of wrist tendons. Localization of wrist phlegmons,
surgical incisions. Ways of puss dissemination from the wrist. Topography of a
finger. Topography of different types of felons. Surgical incisions. Amputation and
exarticulation of phalanges.
Topographical anatomy and operative surgery of the hand. Dorsum of the hand.
The palm of the Hand. External landmarks and projections of the vessels and
nerves of the palm. Muscular-fascial cases, their contents. Topographical anatomy
of the synovial sheaths of the tendons in the hand. Topographical anatomy of the
Finger.
Mastering manual skills.Localization of phlegmons of the hand and surgical
incisions with them. Ways of distribution of pus on the brush. Surgical incisions for
panaritiums. Amputations and disarticulations of the phalanges of the fingers. The
position of the hand in case of damage or compression of the nerves.
14.
Vascular stitch technique. (principles, special instruments). A method of A.Karrel,
modification by Morozova, Polantsev, Solovjev. Mechanical vascular stitch.
Stitchless
connection of vessels. Operation on vessels in case of aneurysms. Blood
vessel plasticity operations in case of varicose veins. Surgical intervention
technique according to Bebcock, Madelung, Norat. Stitch and tendon plasticity.
Principles of operations on peripheral nerves: nervolisis, nerve stitch, nervotomy
,
plasticity and displacement of nerves.
Mastering manual skills. The implementation of a vascular stitch on the prosthesis.
Stitching of tendons according to Kessler and Kuneo on pork legs.
15.
Mastering manual skills. Classification and principles of applying soft bandages.
16.
Operational day on an experimental animal.
1.
Topographical anatomy of the cranium. Regions: frontoparietooccipital, temporal,
the region
of the mastoid process (limits, layers, blood supply, innervation, lymph
out flow). Meninges of brain. The circulation of liquor. Sinuses of dura mater, their
connection with subcutaneous vein. The localization of intra cranial
haemotoms.
Kronlein-Bryusova scheme of cerebral topography. Peculiarities of bones of the
skull. Primary surgical treatment of wounds of the skull. Arrest of hemorrhage
from subcutaneous vessels, sinuses of dura mater, veins of diploe, a. meningea
media, trepanation of mastoid posses, the topography of Shipo triangle.
2.
Topographical anatomy of the cranium. The inner aspect of the base of the skull:
skull foramens
,
their contents (nerves and vessels). Typical lines of skull base
fractures, topography-anatomical reasons for the main symptoms. Topographical
anatomy of facial part of the head. Topography and functions of the trigeminal and
facial nerve. Decompressive and osteoplasty
trepanation of the skull.
3.
Topographical anatomy of the face. Regions: region buccalis, parotideomasseterica
and region facialis profundus (limits, vessels and nerves, fatty tissue spaces). The
peculiarities of facial blood supply. The connection between facial veins and
sinuses of dura mater. Primary surgical treatment of wounds of the face. Plate
stitch.
4.
Topographical anatomy of the neck. Neck triangles. Neck fascia. Fatty tissue
spaces of neck. Lymph system of neck. The peculiarities of neck abscesses.
Topography of submandibular and carotid triangles, medial neurovascular bundle,
cervical part of sympathetic trunk. Surgical access to carotid arteries, ligation of
external carotid artery, ways of collateral blood circulation.
5.
Topographical anatomy of the neck. Topography of gullet, larynx, esophagus,
trachea, thyroid and parathyroid glands, recurrent laryngeal nerves. Superior and
inferior tracheotomy. The technique of subtotal, subfascial thyroid gland resection.
The drainage of the thoracic duct. Surgical access to the cervical part of esophagus.
Neck vagosympathetic
blocade according to Vishnevskiy. Primary surgical
treatment of neck wounds. Puncture and catheterization of subclavian vein.
6.
Surgical anatomy of the thorax. Topography of intercostal space. Topography of
mammary gland. Topography of diaphragm. Surgical operations with mastitis.
Sectoral resection of mammary gland. Radical mastectomy by Holstead. Pleural
puncture. Primary surgical treatment wounds of thorax. Diaphragm hernia and
ways of its treatment. Primary surgical treatment of wounds of thorax with open
pneumothorax.
7.
Surgical anatomy of the thorax. Topography of mediastinum. Technique of
pericardium puncture according to Larray. Heart topography, blood supply,
innervation. Closure of heart wounds. Surgical treatment of ischemic cardiac
disease. The topography of organs of posterior mediastinum. Surgical anatomy of
the lungs. Division of lungs into segments. The concept of pulmoectomy,
lobectomy.
8.
Surgical anatomy of anterior abdominal wall. Regions of abdomen. White line
projection, sheaths of rectus muscles. Umbilical ring. Hernias of anterior
abdominal wall. Congenital and acquired inguinal hernia. Inguinal canal,
topography of direct and indirect inguinal hernia. Sliding hernia. Surgical treatment
of hernia of anterior abdominal wall. Operation by Girar-Spasokukotskiy,
Kimbarovskiy, Postempskiy, Bassini. Surgical treatment of umbilical hernia
(according to Lekser, Meyo, Sapezhko), hernia of linea alba, laporotomy, surgical
accesses to abdominal organs.
9.
Topography of peritoneal cavity: floors, canals, sinuses, their clinical meaning.
Stomach topography: holotopy, skeletopy, syntopy, blood supply, innervation,
lymph out flow. Operations on stomach: closure of prerogative gastric ulcer.
Gastrostomy according to Vitzel, Stamm-Senn-Kader, Toprover. Stomach resection
according to Billrot-1 and Billrot-2. Vagotomy (selective, proximal, trunkular).
Pyloroplasty. Gastroectomy.
10.
Surgical anatomy of organs of inferior abdominal floors. Topography of jejunum,
ileum and large intestine (cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse colon,
descending, sigmoid colon), holotopy, syntopy, blood supply, innervation, lymph
out flow. Intestinal stitches, technique. Types of intestinal anastomoses. Small
intestine resection. Appendectomy. Formation of artificial anus. Hemicolectomy.
Hartman operation. Revision of abdominal organs, abdominal drainage.
11.
Surgical anatomy of organs of superior abdominal floors. Surgical anatomy of the
liver, bile ducts, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum, spleen (holotopy, sceletotopy,
syntopy innervation, lymph out flow). Liver stitch. Liver resection.
Cholecistectomy. Operations in case of portal hypotension. Operations by Tanner
and Patiora. Cholecistostomy. Choledochotomy. Splenectomy. Pancreatoduodental
resection. Thorakolaparotomy.
12.
Surgical anatomy of retroperitoneal space and pelvis: fascias, fatty tissue spaces,
vessels, nerves. Organs of retroperitoneal space and pelvic organs. Topography of
kidneys and ureters, surgical accesses to them. Paranephral blocade according to
Vishnevskiy. Nephroectomy. Pyelotomy. Nephrostomy. Fascia and fatty tissue
spaces of pelvis. Layers of pelvis. The topography of rectum, urinary bladder,
ureter pelvic part, spermatic cord, testicles, ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes.
Epicystostomy. Urinary bladder stitches features. Pelvic abscess localizations.
Paraproctitus. Operations on hemorrhoids according to Miligan-Morgan.
Operations with testicle hydropsy according to Vinkelmann.
13.
Topographical anatomy of the vertebral column and spinal cord. Vertebral column
topography: subdivisions, ligaments, vertebral arteries and veins, spinal cord
capsules, intercapsular space. Topography of spinal segments. Operations on the
vertebral column: lumber puncture. Laminectomy, principles of spondylodes.
14.
An operating day on experimental animal. Tracheostomy. Laparotomy.
Appendoectomy. Small intestine resection. Splenectomy.
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