Zaporozhyan state medical university departement of infectious diseases

17 

for 2-3 weeks. The tissue eruptions of erythematopapular character are localised on 

intestinal surface of extremities and trunk. Face and neck edema spreads to trunk 

and extremities. The course of disease may be latent, weak middle and serious. A 

latent course – subfebrile condition, weak muscular pain, face pastosity, weak 

eosinophillia. Intestinal manifestations is absent. At a week course – the raise of 

temperature up to 39 °C, temperate muscular pains, face puffiness, eosinophillia up 

to 20%

e stomach appers, eosinophillia up to 40%. 

Durati

lar pain, 

signs 

ominal 

syndro

ay of muscles you may find encapsulated larvas as small calcified 

forma

ng changes. Patients must be under 

sanita

Prophylaxis. Sanitary - veterinary inspection and sanitary educational work. 

 

.  

At middle course - high temperature during 7-8 days, then 7-10 days 

subfebrile condition, intensive muscular pains, tissue puffiness, itching eraption, 

conjunctivitis. The signs of other organs affection appear - lungs (cough, rale), 

heart (tone deafness, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia). The lymphatic nodes 

may be enlarged. The pain in th

on of disease for 3-4 weeks.  

At the serious course disease begins 1-2 days after contamination. Nausea, 

vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pains appear. Intoxicative syndrome, dermal allergic 

manifestations, high fever, hypereosinophillia (up to 80 - 90%), muscu

of affection of different organs - lungs, heart, digestive tract appear. 

Complications - myocarditis, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, abd

me, affection of liver, kidney, phlebitis, thrombosis of large vessels. 

Diagnosis may be confirmed at finding Trichinella larvas in meat or in 

bioptate of patient muscle. Reaction of connection of complement, reaction of 

calceprepitation and reaction of precipitation are used for serological diagnosis. 

The serologic reaction is necessary to repeat in dynamics. The greatest number of 

antibodies are found on 4-12-week of disease. You may find migratory focuses in 

lungs, at X-r

tions.  

Treatment.  Such patients must be hospitalized. Recommended medicines 

are mebendazol and albendazol. Dosage of mebendazol is 10 mg/kg per day, 3 

times after meal. Dosage of albendazol is 400 mg twice a day, after meal. Course 

of treatment is 14 days. At prescription of etiotropic remedies destruction of 

Trichinella in muscles and intestine is observed. It may be manifestated by 

increasing of clinical manifestation of disease. Due to such condition 

glucocorticosteroids are prescribed simultaneously. Prednisone daily dosage is 30-

80 mg and desensitizing remedies. Convalescents are discharged from the hospital 

after disappearance of edematic and allergic syndromes, reconstruction of motor 

ability, ECG normalization, absent of lu

rium observation during 12 months.  

TOXOCAROSIS is a nematodosis, tissue zoonosis helminthosis with 

affection of inner organs and eyes.  

Etiology. Round worms of Ascaridida group, Anisakidae family. Toxocara 

genus are the agents of Toxocara canis. Toxocara canis is a helminth of dogs 

family and have important epidemiologic meaning for a man. Toxocara mystax is a 

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18 

helminth of a feeling family (cats), whose role in man's pathology has not yet 

proved. The size of puberal helminth Toxocara canis is from 4 to 18 cm. Toxocara 

canis female lays more than 200 thousand eggs a day. The Toxocara canis eggs 

have almost round form. The puberal invasion eggs have alive larvas. When the 

eggs a

fected while eating 

the To

uch state. 

Granu

pend on 

parasi

s and paralysis, behavior changes during the affection of 

centra

oderate increasing of bilirubin and small increasing in liver ferments 

activit

is developed. At ocular Toxocarosis granulomas, uveitis, chronic endophthalmitis, 

re in the soil, they preserve vitable and invasiveness. 

Epidemiology. The disease is spread everywhere. Dogs are the source of 

contamination. The dogs excrete Toxocara eggs with excrements contaminate the 

soil. In the external environment at favorable temperature and humidity the 

invasion larva is formed within the egg in 5 days. People are in

xocara eggs. The sick people are not source of invasion.  

Pathogenesis. The infection of a man takes place while eating the Toxocar 

invasion eggs. The larvas are discharged from eggs in proximal part of intestinum 

tenue. The larvas penetrate into the blood flow through mucos tunic of thin 

intestinum, then into the liver and right part of the heart. Larvas continue to 

migrate from pulmonary artery and get into the left part of the heart, then larvas are 

delivered with arterial blood to organs and tissues. They circulate along vascular 

system and reach the place where the vessel diameter don’t make it possible to 

move further (larva diameter 0.02 mm). Here larvas leave the blood flow and 

penetrate into surrounding tissue. The Toxocar larvas settle in liver, lungs, heart, 

kidneys, pancreas, brain, eyes. The larvas keep vitability during months up to 10 

years. Part of them may activate and continue migration. The other part 

incapsulates and distracts inside the capsule. During migration the larvas 

traumatized tissues, leave hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammatory changes. The 

leading role in the development of immunopathologic reactions in the 

sensibilisation by Toxocara antigens. Formation of granulomas in liver, lungs, 

pancreas, myocardium, mesenteric lymph nodes, brain is typical for s

lomas are formed as the result of allergic reaction of slowed type. 

Symptoms and course. The clinical manifestations of Toxocara de

tes localization. There are 2 forms: visceral and ocular Toxocarosis.  

Visceral Toxocarosis is manifested by recurring fever during some weeks or 

months. Temperature is more often subfebrile rarely febrile. It is possible to have 

lung affection sush us: bronchitis, pneumonia, seldom bronchial asthma. On the 

lungs roentgenogrammetry of such patients multiple or singular infiltrates, 

strengthening of lungs outline are seen. The enlarged liver is determined often, 

rarely the enlargement of spleen and lymphatic nodes. It is possible to have 

eritematoseus or urticarial rash on the skin. It is possible to have convulsions, 

epileptoed attacks, paresi

l nervous system.  

Eosinophillia is the most permanent sign of Toxocarosis, is often 

accompanied with leukocytosis and increased ESR. In biochemical blood analysis 

shows  m

y.  

If a man is infected with small number of Toxocar larvas ocular Toxocarosis 

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