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da igi avRanelebma daikaves. mahmud avRan xanma Mahmud Afghan Khan,
romlis mamam mokla giorgi XI, 1722 wels Tavi iranis mmarTvelad
gamoacxada. mas Zalzed eSinoda qarTvelebis da daumorCileblobis
nacvlad qarTvelebs uflebebi SesTavaza. Sahis umcrosi vaJi Tahmasfi
Tahmasp gadarCa isfahanis alyaSi moqcevisas da man agreTve gaugzavna
vaxtangsa da bakurs mdidruli saCuqrebi im imediT, rom maTgan
miiRebda daxmarebas.
amave dros, osmalebma SesTavazes vaxtangs gaerTianebuliyvnen
sparseTis winaaRmdeg, magram man arCia rusebis mxare daekavebina.
petres dapirebam, rom miawodebda kavkasiel qristianebs samxedro
daxmarebas, didi eiforia gamoiwvia qarTvelebsa da somxebSi, radgan
orives undoda yofiliyo ruseTis mflobelobaSi. 1722 wlis seqtemberSi
vaxtangi 40 aTasian qarTulsomxur armiasTan erTad dabanakda ganjaSi,
raTa SeerTebodnen rusebis eqspedicias. es iyo pirveli samxedro
kampania kavkasiaSi, romelic petre didma wamoiwyo 1722 wlis ivlisSi,
rodesac man aiRo derbenti da generalma maTiuSkinma daikava baqo.
miuxedavad amisa, petrem SeaCera Tavisi kampania senatidan miRebuli
cudi ambebis gamo da dabrunda astraxansa da Semdeg peterburgSi.
vaxtangi mitovebul iqna rusi mokavSirisgan da 1722 wlis noemberSi
TbilisSi dabrunda.
Tumca kavkasiaSi yvelaze didi qristianuli armia Seiqmna, mainc
verafris gakeTeba SeZles. am situaciiT isargebla TurqeTma, romelic
kaxeTis muslimi mefis mokavSire iyo, vinc daRestnidan daiqirava
lekebi da Tavs daesxa qarTls. 1723 wels dakavebul iqna Tbilisi da
3 dRis ganmavlobaSi Zarcvavdnen mas. konstantinopolis Constantinople
(Kucuk Kainarka) Tractate 1724 wlis traqtatis mixedviT, TurqeTma kaspiis
zRvis napiri dauTmo petres, saqarTvelosa da somxeTis mflobelobis
sanacvlod. 12 weli batonobda TurqeTi kaxeTsa da qarTlSi.
dasavleT saqarTvelo TurqeTis kontrolis qveS iyo mefe simonTan
brZolis Semdeg. iseve rogorc mefe vaxtang VI, simonic mTlianad rusi
petres imedze iyo. petrem samxedro floti aaSena mdinare donze
da daikava azovis porti. ruseTi mxolod dReebiT iyo moSorebuli
samegrelos, afxazeTsa da imereTs. gavrcelda Worebi britanelebisa da
rusebis Sav zRvaze win wawevisa, SvedeTis cixidan ganTavisuflebuli
aleqsandre batoniSvilis meTaurobiT. dasavleT saqarTvelom daiwyo
uaris Tqma osmalebisTvis xarkis gadaxdaze, magram vaxtangis fiaskos
Semdgom Turqebis Tavdasxmebma male CaaxSo es urCoba
1
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1
osmalebs ar undoda dasavleT saqarTvelos oficialuri aneqsia da
mosaxleobis islamizacia; Tuki amas gaakeTebdnen, veRar miiRebdnen
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TurqeTsa da sparseTs Soris omebSi, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis
samimeoTxedi nawili ganadgurebuli iyo da mefe vaxtang VIm dedofal
rusudanTan (warmoSobiT Cerqezi), mTel ojaxTan da 1200 kacian Tanmxleb
amalasTan erTad 1724 wels gadakveTa kavkasia ruseTis mimarTulebiT.
maT ruseTSi Caitanes wminda nivTebi, maT Soris `lursmani~, romliTac
ieso jvarze gaakres. es nivTi qarTvel mefes me13 saukuneSi gadaeca
saCuqrad bizantiis imperatorisgan, romelic axla ruseTis romeliRac
muzeumSi inaxeba.
petre gaSmagebuli iyo im faqtiT, rom vaxtangma qveyana aseT
dros datova da ar darTo neba peterburgSi darCenisa. mefe arCilis
qaliSvils darejans Zalzed axlo urTierToba hqonda petre didTan
da moagvara petres da vaxtangis Sexvedra, magram didi tragedia iyo
mefisTvis, rodesac Seityo petres gardacvalebis ambavi 1725 wels.
`papuna orbelianis qronikebis~ `Chronique de Papouna Orbeliani~ mixedviT,
petres ukanaskneli sityvebi iyo `saqarTvelo imeddakargulia, daicaviT
is rwmenis gulisaTvis da gagzavneT jarebi Cemi xarjebiT~, `Georgia is
desperate, protect it in sake of our faith, send the troops on my expenses~. ramdenime
xnis win ganrisxebulma petrem mokla Tavisi vaJi aleqsei (iseve rogorc
ivane mrisxanem) da aRar hyavda memkvidre (danarCeni 6 vaJi yrmobis
asakSi daiRupa). 1722 wels man gadawyvita, rom memkvidre mxolod mefis
arCevani iyo da ara genialogiis sakiTxi. 1724 wels man Tavisi meore
litvelpoloneli meuRle ekaterine I (marTa helena skovronska)
Catherine I (Marta Helena Skowronska) gamoacxada TanammarTvelad da man
imefa petres gardacvalebis Semdeg 2 wlis manZilze, Tumca memkvidre
ar dautovebia.
ekaterine I (17251727 ww.) ecada daxmareboda stumrebs saqarT
velodan da gaugzavna mniSvlovani Tanxa da gadasca miwis nakveTi
(maTi vaJebi gaxdnen cnobili rusi generlebi, borodinos brZolis
gmiri, Tavadi petre bagrationis CaTvliT, s. laSqarevi (laSqariSvili)
msaxurobda sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi, rogorc Turquli
departamentis xelmZRvaneli da sxva), magram geopolitikurad
SeuZlebeli iyo saqarTvelos daxmareba aseT rTul periodSi. isic
ki SesTavazes, rom yvela kaxeli daesaxlebinaT ruseTis dausaxlebel
gadasaxadebs urwmunoebisagan da ver miiRebdnen saukeTeso monamebr
Zolebs. mxolod Cerqezebi darCebodaT. amasTan, Turqebs gauCndebodaT
zedmeti pasuxismgebloba adgilobrivi muslimanebis socialuri uzrun
vel yofisaTvis. ase rom, me18 saukunis ganmavlobaSi samegrelo, imereTi,
afxazeTi, guria da raWa ZiriTadad ebrZodnen erTmaneTs, raTa rac
SeiZleba meti mona gaeyidaT osmaleTSi.
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teritoriaze mdinare TergTan, magram SeTavazebaze uari iTqva
qarTvelebisTvis gasagebi mizezis gamo.
ekaterine Iis sikvdilis Semdeg gvirgvini gadaeca ara dedoflis
qaliSvils, aramed aleqseis vaJs petre IIs (17271730 ww.), romelic
Zalzed avad iyo da misi sikvdilis Semdeg, romanovebis dinastiis
mamrobiTi sqesis pirdapiri xazi damTavrda da mefes aRar darCa
realuri memkvidre. uzenaesma sabWom airCia petres Zmiswuli ana
ivanovna, rogorc ruseTis imperatori 1730 wlidan 1740 wlamde.
ana gaTxovebisTanave daqvrivda, amitom Svilebi ar hyavda. man
sasiyvarulo kavSirebi gaaba fon bironTan von Biron da burqardt
qristof miunixTan Burchardt Christoph Munnich espaneTis memkvidreobis
omis veteranTan, romelic ganaTlebiT inJineri iyo, msaxurobda omis
kolejis prezidentad, da warmatebiT daasrula petres evropuli
(prusiuli) stilis samxedro reforma, daaarsa mZime husarTa nawilebi
da grenaderebi. misi mTavroba imarTeboda germanelebis mier. 1734
wels imperatorma anam vaxtang VIc ki gagzavna sparseTSi, rogorc
despani, magram sparseTi ukve gaerTianebuli iyo nadir Sahis mier da
misia SeCerebul iqna. TurqeTTan omis mzadebis gamo anam aRudgina
sparseTs dapyrobili teritoriebi kaspiis zRvis gayolebiT, baqos
da derbentis CaTvliT. 1735 wels ruseTma omi gamoacxada osmalebis
winaaRmdeg, miunixis ambiciuri gegmebis Sesabamisad, romelic gegmavda
konstantinopolis aRebas, magram es gegma gadaido, sanam gadawydeboda
azovisa da yirimis Tema. ruseTis ZiriTadi Zalebi miunixis meTaurobiT
daeSva dneprisken, daipyro azovi, magram yirimSi damarcxda.
1740 wels, anas sikvdilamde 2 kviriT adre, man Svilad aiyvana
princ briunsvikluneburgisa da meklenburgis dedoflis Prince
BrunswickLüneburg and Duchess of Mecklenburg 8 kviris vaJi, romelic
Tavis memkvidred daasaxela, mefe ivane VI. magram erT welSi, 1741
wels elisabed petrovam, petre Iis kanonierma qaliSvilma, gamoiyena
rusebis Sovinisturi grZnobebi SeZlo ubralo xalxis keTilganwyoba
moepovebina da gvardielebis mxardaWerac miiRo, amiT ki xelSi Caigdo
gvirgvini. preobraJenskis polki zamTris sasaxlisken daiZra, sadac
daapatimres Cvili imperatori da misi ojaxi graf miunixTan erTad. es
aRmoCnda gabeduli svla, romelmac sisxlisRvris gareSe Caiara. miunixi
da germaneli msaxurebi dapatimrebul iyvnen RalatisTvis, romelTac
unda aerCiaT an sikvdili, an cimbirSi gadasaxleba. antiucxouri
grZnobebi, praqtikulad antigermanuli, sakmaod Sors wavida. frangebi,
revoluciebisa da napoleonis drosac ki, popularulni gaxdnen.
Cvili mefe 25 wliT daapatimres da rodesac imperator ekaterine
IIs winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebma moiTxoves mefe ivanes ganTavisufleba,
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