55
gamoCenili ojaxidan iyo: rusi mefis, ivane mrisxanes deda, elena glin-
skaia, monRoli generlis, mamais diswuli iyo. maluta skuratovma caris
samefo karze meore TaTari, boris godunovi miiyvana. boris godunovi
maliuta skuratovis daze iyo daqorwinebuli. ivanes Wkuasusti Svilis
fiodoris gamefebisa da sikvdilis Semdeg, borisi mefe gaxda 1598-1605
wlebSi.
Cingiz yaenis sxva pirdapiri memkvidre rusebis mier iyo asimilebuli:
ufliswuli uxTomski, belozerski, valixanovi, dondukovi, Saxovskoi,
lvovi, prozorovski, galicini, xovanski, kurakini da iusifovi. swored
amitomac ar momxdara `uRelSi~ aranairi ajanyeba sami saukunis
ganmavlobaSi, mxolod `samefo karis gadatrialeba~ ramdenime separat-
istis mier samxedro kampaniiT (kulikovos brZolaSi da sxva).
asimilaciis politika yovelTvis erTnairi iyo. yaenis memkvidreebi
saxldebodnen ruseTSi da rusul gvars iRebdnen. sibirskis ojaxi
iyo ukanaskneli cimbireli xanebis, Cingizidis ojaxis STamomavali.
ukanaskneli cimbireli yaenis vaJi tyved kazakebma aiyvanes da moskovSi
waiyvanes, sadac isini iaroslavSi dasaxldnen da eniWebodaT ufleba,
cimbireli mefis cxovrebis stili hqonodaT. mTeli ojaxi qristianad
moeqca da sabolood ki ruseTis Tavadaznaurobac aiTvisa. magaliTad,
miuxedavad imisa, rom saxeli iyo vasil abulgairoviCi, mis vaJs
erqva roman vasilieviCi, romelsac rusebis mSobliur saxelisgan ver
gamoarCevdiT
1
.
Temur lengis sxeuli eqshumirebuli iyo 1941 wels sabWoeli
anTropologistis mixeil gerasimovis mier. misi Zvlebidan naTlad
Canda, rom igi maRali da farTobeWebiani kaci iyo, Zlieri yvirmlis
ZvlebiT. aseve irkveva, rom is namdvilad koWli iyo, misi barZayis
Zvlis dazianebis gamo. gerasimovma aseve aRmoaCina, rom misi saxis
maxasiaTeblebi emTxveoda monRolebisTvis damaxasiaTebel detalebs.
mis saflavis qvaze gamafrTxilebeli warwera iyo, Tuki vinme mis
saflavs Seexeboda, omi daiwyeboda. Temur lengis saflavis eqshu-
maciidan sam dReSi germania SeiWra sabWoTa kavSirSi. amJamad Temur
lengi oficialurad gamocxadda Tanamedrove uzbekeTis erovnul
gmirad. misi monumenti dgas swored im adgilas, sadac manamde leninis
Zegli idga.
1
1686 wels mefem aseTive brZaneba gasca sxva SemTxvevebSic: kavkasiaSi,
kerZod saqarTveloSi, mag., imereTis mefis dinastia, cimbiris princebTan
erTad, ruseTis Tavadaznaurebis genialogiis wignSi Sevidnen da
daikargnen ruseTis usasrulobaSi. es warmatebuli taqtika, qorwinebebi
sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianebs Soris efeqtianad muSaobda saukuneebis
manZilze.
56
1386 wels Temur lengma aiRo Tbilisi da tyved Caigdo qarTveli mefe
bagrat V Bagrat (Barged). igi manam ibrZoda, sanam Temur lengma zarbazani
ar gamoiyena kavkasiaSi. Tbilisis mTeli mosaxleoba amoJlites, garda
profesionalebisa: arqiteqtorebis, msaxiobebis, oqromWedlebis, mw
erlebis, romlebic gadaasaxles samaryandSi, samefo biblioTekasTan
erTad, romelic SeiZleba dRemde iyos damalulad Semonaxuli. im
droisTvis dawerili saqarTvelos istoria ganadgurebuli iyo.
bagratma Tavis vaJs auwya gadaadgilebis marSrutis Sesaxeb, sadac
moewyo Casafreba da monRolTa 12 000iani armia amoxocili iyo 1387
wels. ganTavisuflebulma bagratma, Tavisi mokavSire ToxTamiSis
oqros urdosTan erTad, aiZula Temur lengi ukan, aziaSi daxeuliyo.
saqarTvelom ramdenime welSi winandeli Zalebi aRidgina.
1393 wels, bagratis sikvdilis Semdgom, misi vaJi mefe giorgi VII
saTaveSi Caudga Temur lengis winaaRmdeg brZolas. sanam is ukanaskneli
1399 wlamde imyofeboda indoeTSi, mefe giorgi Tavs daesxa azerbaijans
da alya Semoartya alinjes kldes, sadac gadaarCina erayis mmarTvelis
qaliSvili, romelic iq hyavdaT daWerili. mefem uari Seuvala Temur
lengs daebrunebina mZevlebi, rac axsna imiT, rom es ewinaaRmdegeboda
kavkasiur qristianul tradiciebs da Temur lengma daiwyo mzadeba
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg gasalaSqreblad. 1400 wels man yoveli 10
jariskacidan aiyvana 3 kaci, ramac 100 000 mebrZoli Seadgina. man gaCexa
tye gzis gasakvlevad da ucbad aRmoCnda kaxeTis regionis SuagulSi.
miuxedavad Zlieri winaaRmdegobisa, man amoxoca mTeli mosaxleoba,
gaCexa venaxebi da xeebi, riTic cdilobda moespo saqarTvelos kultura
da ekonomika.
magram mefe giorgi mtkiced idga da Temur lengma ukan daixia,
raTa zamTari yarabaRSi gaetarebina. giorgi VII iseTi mamaci iyo,
rom man mteri brZolaSi gamoiwvia. qarTuli da CrdiloeT kavkasiis
armia Temur lengs sevanis tbis napirebTan Sexvdnen. mTeli dRis
ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos armia warmatebiT ibrZoda. qarTuli jari
iseT poziciebze idga, rom mters mtveri pirdapir TvalebSi eyreboda,
Temur lengi Tavadac ki CaerTo am brZolaSi. saxelmwifo Ralatis
gamo brZola waago saqarTvelom, magram armiam ukan daixia brZanebiT
da mosaxleoba evakuirebuli iyo mTebsa da mRvimeebSi. mterma aiRo
Tbilisi da yvela sxva qalaqi.
mefe giorgi VII orjer iyo sxvadasxva sasaxleSi, radgan Temur
lengma alyaSi moaqcia. magram, rodesac artileriiT angrevdnen
kedlebs, qarTveli mefe warmatebiT axorcielebda kontrSetevas,
radgan azielebi ar iyvnen fizikurad iseTi Zlierni, rom gamklavebodnen
xanjlebiT brZolas. erTxel Temur lengi SemTxveviT Sexvda tyeSi
patara qarTul razms amirejibis meTaurobiT, romlebic Tavs dae