K A R A B A K H
178
Glazed earthenware crockery and a cuneiform
bead brought in from Assyria.
Mounds were built using the slaves' lab o u r. These were numerous
slaves who built mounds Sultanbud (25 m high), Borsunlu and
Sarichoban (where 200 wooden timbers were installed). Collisions
between large tribes resulted in devastation, robberies and fıres occurred
in villages (Garatepe village).
Inequality revealed from the sites o f Bronze - Early Iron Age
resulted in the development o f patriarchal relations, formation o f
primitive military science, formation and further development o f
property and social disparity, led to the collapse o f prim itive communal
system.
In the middle o f the l sl m illennium BC large tribal units became
stronger economically and politically, occupied certain territories, lived
around castles and established a state form ation similar to Ancient
Mesopotamia.
At the time, gerger (kenger) or gargar (according to Strabo)
inhabited Karabakh and neighbouring Kura-Araks lowland, being of
K A R A B A K H
179
Turkic origin and accounting for the m ajority o f population. In
Karabakh, in the l sl m illennia BC the tribes grouped in strong unions,
forming early states. Turkic tribal unions o f Karabakh and neighbouring
areas gained econom ic and political pow er in the South Caucasus; in the
4th century BC they united and form ed an ancient Azerbaijani state
Albania, in order to resist regular raids o f Iranian Achaem enids and
maintain the integrity o f their land. Thus, Karabakh played a crucial role
in the ancient history ofA zerbaijani statehood.
K A R A B A K 11
180
B ib lio g rap h y
1. A zerbaijan Soviet Encyclopedia, Vol. 5. Baku, 1979. Published
inAzebaijani
2. The History ofA zerb aijan . Baku, 1994. PublishedinA zebaijani
3. Q. Jaffarov. In the Quruchay Canyon. Baku, 1990. Published in
Azebaijani
4. Q. Jaffarov. First Inhabitants o f Azerbaijan. Baku, 2004.
Published in Azebaijani
5. A.Q.Jaffarov. Azerbaijan in the late 4th - early lst m illennium
B.C. (based on the materials from the Gargarchay and Terterchay
R iverB asinofG arabagh).B aku, 2000. Published inAzebaijani
6. G.F.Jafarov Connections between Azerbaijan and the West
Asian countries. Baku, 1984. Published in Russian
7. G.F.Jafarov Ancient Relations Between Azeri Tribes and the
Middle East Countries. Baku, 1986. Published in Russian
8. V.H.Aliyev. The Culture o f Bronze Age Painted Crockery in
Azerbaijan. Baku, 1977. Published in Azebaijani
9. M.A. Huseinova. Ceramics o f the East Caucasus o f the Late
Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Baku, 1989. Published in Russian
10.M .M . Husseinov. Ancient Paleolite ofA zerbaijan. Baku, 1985.
Published in Russian
11.
M.M. Husseinov. The Distant Stone Age. Baku, 1973.
Published in Azebaijani
12. M.M. Husseinov. Azerbaijan Archaeology. The Stone Age.
Baku, 1976. PublishedinA zebaijani
13. M .M . H usseinov, Q .S .Ism ayilov, I.M .G uliyev. The
Archeological Sites o f Azerbaijan. Baku, 1981. Published in
Azebaijani
14. Q.S.Ismayilov. Traces o f Ancient Culture in the Guruchay and
Kondelenchay RiverValley. Baku, 1981. PublishedinA zebaijani
1 5 .1.G. Narimanov. The Culture o f the M ost Ancient Farmers and
Cattle Breeders ofAzerbaijan. Baku, 1987. Published in Russian
l l l ü s t u r a s i y a l a r
Ç i z i m
l e r
H j ı j ı r o c m p a t j u u
I l l u s t r a t i o r ı s
K A R A B A K H
183
Qədim Qarabag
Ş əm k ir
G e n c ə
G öyçay
Goranbo^
Y evlax
G ö ygöl
D aşkesən
A
0ç,ap*
A ğcabədi
'K e lb ə c ə r
Xocalı
X ankəndi
X ocav en d
L
Füzuli
Z*npruı>
3
Qarahulaq
M
eynmpa
Q ubadlı
—^ Z o n g ila n
O x
Q - daş qutu qəbir
K—K - qayaüstü təsvirlər
f i - mağaralar
A
- kurqanlar
(
- şəhərlər
- nekropol
h
- yaşayış yeri
G öyçay
İsm ayıllı
G o ronb o j
Y evlah
G öygöl
Daşkesen
Üçtcpt
A ğcebedi
’K elb ecer
Hocalı
Tahtayeri
H ankendi
H ocavend
L
Karabulak
Mcynetepe
Güneftepv
Karakopektepe
K ubadlı
Cebrayıl
Kadim Karabağ
^
O ğ u z .
w
f r
C
J G ə b əlo / ___ ^
□ 1 - anıt m eza r
'k—ıi -
k ay a üzeri re sim ler
f t - m ağ aralar
A
- höyük
) - şeh irler
ih J - nekro p o l
m
- yaşam m erkezi
K A R A B A K H
185
f l p e B H M M K
a p a ö a x
lile M K n p
MnHrflHeBnp.
fflHA>Ka
reMHaiı
H cM annnbi
A rflauj
Yflwap
flaujKeceH
BopcyH/ıy
KwpfleMnp'
ı6nfl>Kaf
'Jr/pnyxmene
-
Xoflwanbt
McTncy
I
Taxma
XaHKƏHflM
ieü/ıaraj
XaA^KƏBeHflA
OM3ynn^v ra
13(i£3nprmne
I ___ I
Mt
JlanbiH
ry6afl/ibi
A>Ka6paıiJib
3flHmnaH
□ 1 - KaMeHHMH rp o6
- HacKajibHbie pncyHKH
f t - n eıu ep b i
▲
- KypraHbi
O -ropoAa
- HeKpononb
mm
-
MeCTa 5KHTeJIbCTBa
K A R A B A K H
186
S h a m k ir
M in g a c h e v ir.
Ismailli
A g h d a s h ı
Y evlaf
G o y g o l,
Borsounlu
.Şaıhhelitayi tepasi
K a lb a jar
rUzarliktBpa
K h o ialv
Imishli
'K h a n k a n d i'
K h o ja v a n d
L
kS h u s h a
Fuzuli
Zargartapa
Garabulag
Meynalapa
L ac h in
Khanlapa
Uzuntapa
Taghlar
|
Kultapa
G u b a d li
J a b r a y il
Ancient Garabagh
K urdam ır
□
- stone cist
- rock drawings
f t - caves
A
- burial m ounds
Çjj - cities
K - necropolis
'mm - inhabited localities
K A R A B A K H
187
Azıx mağarası. Daş əmək alətləri
Azık mağarası. Taş emek aletleri
Flemepa
Ä3bix. KaMeHHbie
opydun mpyda
Azıkh Cave. Stone working tools
K A R A B A K H
188
Azıx mağarası. Qədim aşel əmək alətləri
Azık mağarası. Antik eşel emek aletleri
IJeıifepa A3bix. O pydm mpyda
PaHHeamenbCKoao rıepuoda
TheAzykh cave. Ancient Ashel implements
K A R A B A K H
189
Azıx mağarası. Daş əmək alətləri
Azık mağarası. Taş emek aletleri
Ileufepa Asbix. KaMeHHbie opydun mpyda
The Azykh cave. Stone tools
K A R A B A K H
190
Azıx mağarası. Mustye mədərıiyyəti
daş əmək alətləri
Azık mağarası. Mustye kültürü. Taş əmək aletleri
fleujepa A3bix. KaMenHbie opydm
mpyda nepuoda Mycmbe
The Azykh cave. Moustierian stone tools
K A R A B A K H
191
Tağlar mağarası. Mustye mədəniyyəti.
Daş əmək alətləri
Tağlar mağarası. Mustye kültürü. Taş əmək aletleri
Tleu\epa Tazjıap. KaMeHHbie
opydun mpyda nepuoda Mycmbe
The Taghlar cave. Moustierian stone tools
K A R A B A K H
192
Qaraköpəktəpə yaşayış yerirıin ilk
tunc dövrü keramika məmulatı
Karaköpəktəpənin yaşam merkezi
ilk tunç devri keramika məmulatı
KepaMUKa nepuoda Pauneü
Epou3bi U3 rapaKeneKmene
Early Bronze Age earthenware
found in Garakyopaktapa
K A R A B A K H
193
Qaraköpəktəpə ilk tunc dövrü keramikası
Karaköpəktəpə ilk tunc devri seramikası
KepaMum nepuoda Panneü
EpoH3bi
U3
rapaKeneKmene
Early Bronze Age earthenware
found in Garakopaktapa
K A R A B A K H
194
Qaraköpəktəpə yaşayış yeri. Metalişləmə
alətləri və məmulatları
Karaköpektepe yaşam merkezi. Metalişleme
aletleri ve memulatları
H a c e jıe n H b iü n y n x m r a p a K e n e K m e n e .
O p y d m u m d e j ı u n
MemajuıoöpaöomKU
Garakopaktapa settlement.
Metal-working tools and gear
K A R A B A K H
195
Qarabağ. Günəştəpə daş, gil, sümük
məmulatları
Karabağ. Güneştepe daş, kil, sümük
məmulatları
Kapaöax. H3dejım
U3
k ü m h m
,
znunbi
u Kocmu,
H a ü d e H H b ie
e rwuemmene
Garabagh. Stone, earthenware and bone
utensils found in Guneshtapa
K A R A B A K H
196
Qaraköpəktəpə sümük məmulatları
Karaköpektepe kemik ürünleri
M3ÖejıuR
U3 Kocmu,
u
aüdeuHbie e rapaKeneKmene
Bone tools found in Garakopaktapa
K A R A B A K H
197
Günəştəpə g il ocaq qurğuları
Güneştepe kil ocaq ürünleri
DıuHHHbiü onae
U3
rtoneuımene
Earthenware hearth found in Guneshtapa
K A R A B A K H
198
c
I qrup
II qrup
III qrup
II
-I
II
-
tə
b
ə
q
ə
m
>
O W
O
ü
0
ı W
(
r:
I
-
tə
b
ə
q
ə
m
a
m
(:S r)
(
f
p
Üzərliktəpə keramika məmulatları
Üzerliktepe seramik ürünleri
Y3epjıuKmene KepaMunecKue U3dejım
Uzerliktepe ceramics
Qarabağ. Orta tunc dövrü boyalı qabları
Karabağ. Orta tunç devri boya kupaları
Kapaöax. Pacnucnan KepaMum
Cpedneü EpoH3bi
Garabagh. Middle Bronze Age crockery
K A R A B A K H
200
Qarabağ. Son tunc dövrü keramika məmulatı
Karabağ. Son tunç devri seramik ürünleri
Kapaöax. KepaMunecKue
mdejıux nepuoda 17o3dHeü EpoH3bi
Garabagh. Late Bronze Age pottery
K A R A B A K H
201
Qarabağ. Tunc dövrü silahları
Karabağ. Tunç devri silahları
Kapaöax. Opyətcun EpoH3oeozo nepuoda
Garabagh. Bronze Age hardware
jJ
MÜNDƏRİCAT
İÇİNDEKİLER
OrJlABHEHHE
CONTENTS
Q Ə D İM Q A R A B A G
Ö n söz........................................................................................................................................................... 7
G iriş ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Q a ra b a ğ ın q ə d im ta rix şü n a slığ ı..........................................................................................................10
Q a ra b a ğ d a ş d ö v rü n d ə - Q u ru ç a y m ə d ə n iy y ə ti.............................................................................16
Q a ra b a ğ eneo lit d ö v rü n d ə .................................................................................................................. 24
Q a ra b a ğ tu n c d ö v rü n d ə
İlk tu n c d ö v rü ............................................................................................................................................27
O rta tu n c d ö v rü .........................................................................................................................................33
Q a ra b a ğ son tu n c və ilk d ə m ir d ö v rü n d ə ....................................................................................... 40
İstifad ə o lu n m u ş ə d ə b iy y a t................................................................................................................. 50
K ADİM KA RA BA G
Ö nsöz.............................................................................................................................................................53
G iriş...............................................................................................................................................................54
K arabağ'ın taş d evrinde-K uruçay m edeniyeti.................................................................................... 61
Eneolit devrinde K arabağ........................................................................................................................ 68
Karabağ tunç dev ri.................................................................................................................................... 71
O rta tunç devri............................................................................................................................................ 76
Son tunç ve ilk dem ir devrinde K arabağ............................................................................................. 82
İstifade edilmiş edebiyyat........................................................................................................................ 92
APEBHHH KAPABAX
npexiHCJioBHe............................................................................................................................................... 95
BBeyjeıme......................................................................................................................................................96
McTopnorpacJ)Mfl apeBHero K apaöaxa................................................................................................... 98
Kapaöax
b
KaMCHHOM BeKe - KyıibTypa Fypy-'iajı........................................................................103
Kapaöax
b
ıııoxy r)Heo;iHTa................................................................................................................112
Kapaöax b ıııoxy 6poH3bi naTajıo m o x n pamıeH Gpoınw ........................................................ 115
A N CIEN T KARABAKH
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................142
Ancient history o f K arabakh............................................................................................................. 143
K arabakh in stone age:
Gurııchay culture...................................................................................................................................148
Karabakh during eneolite................................................................................................................... 155
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