Aesthetic Periodontal Therapy – Root Coverage
17
An overview of studies on the effect of the free soft tissue graft as a means for root
coverage was performed by Wennström (1996). The mean initial depth of the recessions
included was 2.1 mm to 5.1 mm. The mean percent root coverage obtained with the free soft
tissue graft procedure varied between 11% and 87%, with the greatest success in narrow and
shallow defects. Considering the number of teeth treated in each study, the calculated average
percentage of root coverage studies is 72%. The predictability of complete root coverage
ranged from 0% to 90%, with an average of 57%.
The limitations and disadvantages of the free gingival graft for root coverage include
increased discomfort and potential for postoperative bleeding from the donor area by
virtue of
a large wound that heals by secondary intention (Wessel and Tatakis, 2008; Del Pizzo et al.,
2002).The palatal surgical wound heals with secondary intention within 2–4weeks (Farnoush
1978) due to the removal of the epithelial layer of the palatal mucosa. Compared with other
soft tissue techniques for root coverage, the free gingival graft results in an unpredictable
color match between the grafted tissue and adjacent gingival tissues. Grafted tissue with a
lighter color than desired may persist for long periods of time after the initial healing. Finally,
this procedure is technique sensitive and attention to the details involved in the execution of
the surgery is crucial in order to achieve a successful outcome (Camargo et al., 2001; Kerner
et al., 2009).
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