[]

3.6 The interaction of two spherical sources and drains that are in fast (slow) translational relative motion

Consider a mechanical model of the interaction of two spherical objects in case of accelerated translatory motion moving with a velocity and acceleration in relation to each other. Assume earlier notation. Then the vector of the relative velocity of the particles- ,  And vector acceleration - , Arising from the rapid convergence of the objects are collinear and opposite in direction . At the same time, the vector of the relative particle velocity- and the acceleration vector , Resulting from the accelerated removal of objects are collinear and coincide with the direction . Rewrite the first row of equation (3.5.4) for the projection of forces , Operating the source I in the direction  by reacting II with a drain in case of accelerated translatory relative approach of objects. Since the interaction of the source to the drain and drain to a source at a relatively large distance attraction forces prevail, then the velocity vector and the acceleration vector They will be directed towards convergence, i.e. from drain II to source I.

source I - drain II

As , The 1st, 5th, 6th, 8th and 9th terms vanish. Then:

   (3.6.1)

Substituting in equation (3.6.1) of the previously obtained values ​​of the equations (3.3.5) - (3.3.8) and placing the third term to the first projection to determine the expression of the force acting on the source I in the direction   by reacting with a drain II in the event of relative translational accelerated convergence:

source I - drain II

  + (3.6.2)

Similarly, we obtain the value for the projection of the forces acting on the drain I in the direction   by reaction with a source II in the case of accelerated translatory relative approach of objects.

drain I - source II

(3.6.3)

Also we define the projection of the forces acting on the drain I in the direction by reacting with a drain II and a projection of the force acting on the source I  in the direction  by reaction with a source II in the case of rapid relative translational removal of objects. Since the interaction with sewage drains and sources with sources at relatively large distances repulsive forces predominate (see. Eq (3.5.6), (3.5.8)), in the case, The velocity vector and the acceleration vector They will be directed towards the removal.                            

drain I - drain II

= (3.6.4)

source I – source II

= (3.6.5)

Replacing one of the factors or , Squared, in the first and fourth terms in equations (3.6.2) - (3.6.5) at their value from equations (3.5.9), (3.5.10), respectively, we obtain:

source I - drain II

(3.6.6)

source I - source II

(3.6.7)

drain I - source II

(3.6.8)

drain I - drain II

(3.6.9)

The study allows to establish the dependence of previously unknown forces between interacting objects (sources and drains), by their relative velocities and accelerations of the translational movements.

3.7 About the mechanical nature of Faraday's magnetic power lines

According to the views of Faraday, Maxwell wrote: "One can imagine that each magnet consists of a large number of elementary magnetized particles, each of which has its own north and south poles. The interaction of the two magnetic poles should occur under the same laws as the interaction of two electricity particles. Therefore, the idea of ​​lines of force can be applied also to magnetism, and his theory is just as electrostatics can be illustrated by means of a moving fluid. Here, however, the study will have solution to the problem of how single cells in the fluid motion can present the polarity of the elementary magnets. The unit of the amount of liquid streams through one side of each cell and flows out through the opposite. In this way, relative to the rest of the liquid mass of the first side of the cell is a liquid drain unit, the second - the source. Thus, each cell corresponds to an elementary magnet, the sides of which are covered respectively with equal amounts of north and south magnetism. If each cell is a part of a continuous cell system, the fluid flowing out of one cell will stream into the subsequent and so on, so that our sources can be moved from the ends of the unit cells on the ends of tubes will stream into the subsequent and so on, so that our resources can be moved from the ends of the cells at the ends of the individual tubes will stream into the subsequent and so on, so that our resources can be moved from the ends of the cells at the ends of the individual tubes.

If all individual tubes begin and end on the cell surface of the system, the sources will be based only on the surface; therefore the magnet, wherein the distribution of the magnetism is so-called a solenoidal, or tubular, the entire free magnetism on the surface.

The magnetic lines of force (lines of induction), Faraday came to the conclusion that in the tube-surfaces formed by a system of lines, the number of the magnetic induction through any cross section of the tube is constant and that the changing nature of these lines during the transition from one material to another may be It explained by the difference in the special property of the two bodies - inductive capacity, which plays completely the same role as the conductivity in the stationary electric current theory. Since all of the details for calculating, determining magnetism will be clearer after ascertaining the relationship between the magnetism and the electricity, here we will limit ourselves to remark that all determine the total amount article listed in a surface, and total intensity, referred to a curve remain valid as in the case of magnetism and in the case of electricity.

A single tube may be either closed, or start and end at different points. In the first case there is a continuous circulation of fluid in the second case at one end of the fluid flows into the tube in the tube, and the other derived from it. "

That this is the connection between magnetism and electricity. The continuous circulation of fluid in a closed circuit along the magnetic force lines causes the mechanical nature of magnetism, while outflow of fluid at one end of the tube, with the source surface, and the absorption of its second end along the electric field lines at the surface runoff, determines mechanical electricity entity. And if the mechanical nature of electricity, as the interaction of the charges by the expiration of the fluid sources and drains its absorption is not in doubt nor Faraday or Maxwell, the manifestations of the mechanism of magnetism remained not understood until the end. "Some problems of the theory of electricity and magnetism related to the spherical bodies" As has been previously noted, unfortunately, Maxwell's intention in the future to consider and it was not implemented, and the ingenious conjecture about the interaction of spherical sources and drains remain permitted.

According to the concepts of the Faraday magnetic phenomena are due to continuous circulation of fluid in a closed circuit, generated by the rotation of material objects. These assumptions are supported by experience Genri Roulanda in 1876 charged with a rotating rubber disk that really created a magnetic field. Today, science has the knowledge that the magnetic field created by the rotating material objects: galaxies, stars, planets ..., protons, electrons, particles of ether, and so on. Also accumulated a wealth of experimental material: spinning wheels in the experiments of Paul Baumann ("Testatika"), G.V. Nikolaev from Tomsk (Electric Motor "Siberian Kolya"), levitating drives Dzhona Serlya, the rotating rotor Muscovites Vladimir Roshchin and Sergey Godin and other experiments, indicating the validity of Faraday's ideas.

Summarizing the findings of scientists from the available experimental data and theoretical research, Maxwell, still forced to conclude that the theory of electricity and magnetism, yet far from its logical conclusion: "Such an idea is not associated with any physical theory, and is the only of its kind artificial illustration. I'm not suggesting to them the shadow of actual physical theory; on the contrary, their main achievement as the conventional tools for further studies is that they are free from any prejudice.

I do not think that now it was time to make a final Statement of the nature of electricity, and see the main credit for the temporary theory that she led the experiment, without hindering at the same time the emergence of a true theory.

In a subsequent study the laws established by Faraday, to be considered as true and it will be shown that in developing further its considerations, one can derive a new and even more general laws. If it turns out that the law in question, originally found for a certain number of phenomena can be generalized so that the scope of a new class of phenomena, the resulting mathematical relationships deliver physicists to discover the relationship physical.

Mature theory in which physical facts are physically explained, will be built by those who, questioning nature itself, will be able to find the right decision matters set mathematical theory. Such a theory must fully comply with the laws, the mathematical expression of which is already known and, in addition, provide a means for the theoretical calculation of where the known formulas do not apply. Therefore, it is necessary for the successful development of the theory, first of all, to simplify the findings of previous studies, and lead them to form most accessible perception. The results of this simplification or may be represented by a purely mathematical formula or physical hypothesis. "

Now let us turn to modern ideas about the nature of magnetism. We give in this regard the statements of scientists:

"As we have seen when describing electric current, one of the main obstacles for the development of a more complete and consistent theory of electrical phenomena was exaggerated importance given the similarity between the static electricity and electric shock. This approach gave rise to an erroneous belief that in both types of phenomena occurs in only one entity - electrical charge. The same kind of mistakes, only more complete and categorical manner manifested in this look at magnetism. Insisting that electrostatic and electrical phenomena - it's just two aspects of the same, the current scientific consensus recognizes that between them there is a sufficient difference justifying separate category of electrostatics in the theoretical aspects of the static phenomena. If magnetostatics (corresponding branch of magnetism), and is mentioned in all of modern physics texts, usually dismiss it from both the "old approach", is now out of fashion.

Strictly static concepts such as magnetic poles, most often introduced with an apology.

Crushing separate physical areas of study on more and more units are a feature of scientific activity throughout its history. In the case of the magnetostatic we have the reverse process, the case where the basic unit of physics died due to cannibalism. Magnetostatics swallowed the related but quite different phenomenon - electromagnetism. Between these two types of magnetic phenomena we have a lot of similarities, as well as between the two kinds of electricity. As such, the value of which is expressed in terms of magnetostatics, determined mainly by electromagnetic relationships. But this in no way does not justify the current belief that the process is only one entity is involved. The subordinate status that traditional physics often attributes magnetic phenomena is illustrated by the following comment KU Ford:

"" How to find the theoretical physicists, magnetism in our world - it's just a byproduct of electricity; it only exists as a result of movement of electrically charged particles. "

Such a statement implies that the assumptions made are set reasonable and just. But in fact, assumed that magnetism exists only as a result of the motion of charged particles, based on the entirely insignificant assumptions. The true situation is more accurately described by the following quote from a physical textbook:

"Only models that combine two sources of magnetism (magnets and magnetostatic) have been created over the past thirty years. Even today, the model is far from perfect, but at least they have convinced people that there is only one source of magnetic fields, all magnetic fields arise due to the motion of electric charges. "

Essentially, this passage shows that almost the idea developed, not so good, but, nevertheless, the majority voted for it. A prominent American astronomer George. N. Bakell pointed out that "we often create serious problems scientific acclaim, not observation." Uncritical acceptance of "far from perfect" model of magnetism - a good example of such a non-scientific practice. " / Alexfl.ru> vechnoe / vechnoe_larson24.html /

"What is the nature of magnetism? It is known that he is one of magnetism properties of matter. Thanks to him, certain metals are magnetized and begin to attract other metals. But here's why this is happening - there is clear and there is no clear answer, there is no answer to the question, what is the electric current. Theoretically, of course, all these concepts are explained, mathematical models, and a person can manage both magnets and electrical forces, but the real crux of the matter remains beyond consciousness. People do not know why this is happening ...

Undoubtedly, the science in this area will open many more amazing things that will shed light on the mysterious processes and phenomena. And then, perhaps, each of us can understand what is it that is a magnetism that is one of the mysteries of the world around us. "

/ Nikita Chepkin "Mysterious phenomenon. Nature of Magnetism "/.

The above considerations and installation of Faraday and Maxwell lead sane reader to the only possible correct solution of the question, "how single cells in the fluid motion can present the polarity of the elementary magnets".

For this we represent actual mechanical model of a material object, a limited surface of a sphere consisting of a set of mini sources, mini sewage and maximum sources Maxi drains, and limited surface of a sphere. On the need to build mechanical models insisted Lord Kelvin. To simplify the decision is made that the intensity of emission of each of the sources Maxi is absorption intensity of each Maxi-flow. Material object mini sources, mini sewage and maximum springs, Maxi drains are in a rotational motion around the axis passing through their centers.

Suppose that the number of maxi- source material object is greater than maxi- drains. Then the material object as a whole will be a source. Thus equal amounts maxi- sources and maximum effluent will neutralize each other. In Fig. 3.7.1a 3.7.1b and remaining arrangement is a partial, mutually neutralized, active amount maxi- sources on the surface of a material object. In Fig. 3.7.1b shows a cross section of the object - the source in a diametrical plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation. Note that the ether streams emitted (absorbed) rotating material object - the source, as well as mini sources mini drains, and maximum sources moving along trajectories spiral lines having a normal circular and tangential velocity components - . The direction of movement trajectories of emitted ether object streams shown in Fig. 3.7.1b spiral shown in dashed lines with arrows, and the transverse component of the angular velocity vector - and the normal component of the velocity vector -  velocity vector stream emitted ether - shown by solid arrows. It can be defined as . Where: - total velocity vector of the angular tube-ether flows on the source surface, - source range. Moreover, these mini sources and maximum springs, as well as a material object - source under the influence of reactive power emitted by the particles of ether, will rotate in the opposite direction , Ie clockwise. In Fig. 3.7.1a direction of rotation of the object from the angular velocity vector It is shown by the solid line arrow, and the direction opposite to it - It is shown by the dashed arrow.

3.7 The study presents an analytical proof that the sources and drains are turning to the oncoming stream of ether by the party, which streams flow into the ether. It causes in the surface layer of the object oncoming ether stream. Consequently, mini mini sources and drains of the surface layer line up, like a chain as shown in Fig. 3.7.1b. In Fig. 3.7.1a it is shown that oriented so mini mini sources and drains cause helical emission (absorption) streams ether elliptical in longitudinal section of the object - the source shown in Figure dashed circles. These flows, affecting the maxi- sources, orient them with the poles to which they are flowing, i.e. against the direction of flow. The set of circular transverse velocity component emitted (absorbed) mini sources ether streams mini-drains and sources ellipsoidal components maxi- create total longitudinal field of velocity vectors facility ether streams as shown in Fig. 3.7.1a large dashed ellipses. These closed ellipsoidal longitudinal tube unit ether object streams - source form the two poles. After one magnetic pole - South (S) ether derived streams, and through the opposite - north (N) magnetic pole are flowing. The set of circular transverse components of the velocity vectors of ether streams maxi- sources and longitudinal components elliptical ether streams mini sources and drains create transverse field of velocity vectors facility ether streams - source as shown in Fig. 3.7.1

dotted circular lines. These two kinds of fields, the velocity vectors of ether stream - a longitudinal and transverse elliptical circumferential form a spatial structure of velocity fields of object streams ether - source. The set of circular transverse components of the velocity vectors of ether streams maxi- sources and longitudinal components elliptical ether streams mini sources and drains create transverse field of velocity vectors facility ether streams - source as shown in Fig. 3.7.1b dotted circular lines. These two kinds of fields, the velocity vectors of ether stream - a longitudinal and transverse elliptical circumferential form a spatial structure of velocity fields of object streams ether - source. The set of circular transverse components of the velocity vectors of ether streams maxi- sources and longitudinal components elliptical ether streams mini sources and drains create transverse field of velocity vectors facility ether streams - source as shown in Fig. 3.7.1b dotted circular lines. These two kinds of fields, the velocity vectors of ether stream - a longitudinal and transverse elliptical circumferential form a spatial structure of velocity fields of object streams ether – source form a spatial structure of velocity fields of object streams ether – source form a spatial structure of velocity fields of object streams ether - source.

Now suppose that the number of maxi- waste material object is greater than maxi- sources. Then, the object material will generally be a drain. Thus equal amounts maxi- sources and maximum effluent will neutralize each other. In Fig. 3.7.2a 3.7.2b and remaining arrangement is a partial, not mutually neutralized, maxi- active amount of waste on the surface of a material object. In Fig. 3.7.2b shows a cross section of the object - in photo diametral plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation. Note that the ether streams absorbable material rotating object - the drain, as well as effluent and maximum move along paths converging helical lines having a normal circular and transverse velocity components . The direction of movement trajectories absorbed ether object streams shown in Fig. 3.7.2b spiral shown in dashed lines with arrows, and a circular transverse component - and the normal component - stream rate absorbed ether shown by solid arrows. It can be defined as . Where: -the angular velocity vector ether stream on the surface runoff, - the radius of the flow. In this maxi- effluents, as well as a material object - drain under the influence of the reactive forces are absorbed ether flows, will rotate in the same direction as the , That is, counter-clockwise. In Fig. 3.7.2a and direction of rotation with an angular velocity of the object It is shown by the solid line arrow, а and  It is shown by the dashed arrow.

Section 3.7 presents an analytical evidence that the drains and sources are turned to the oncoming stream of ether with the side to which ether streams are flowing. It causes in the surface layer of the object oncoming ether stream. Consequently, mini mini sources and drains of the surface layer line up, like a chain as shown in Fig. 3.7.2b. In Fig. 3.7.2a it is shown that oriented so mini mini sources and drains, circular streams ether components shown in the figure by dotted circles, cause longitudinal currents elliptical in longitudinal section of the object - Photo. These streams are also affecting the maxi- drains, orient them with the poles to which they are flowing, ie, against the direction of flow. The set of circular transverse velocity component emitted particles ether mini mini sources and drains absorbed and longitudinal components ellipsoidal maxi- drains create total longitudinal field of velocity vectors facility ether streams - Photo as shown in Fig. 3.7.2a large dashed ellipses. These closed longitudinal ellipsoidal single tube material object streams ether - Photo form the two poles. After one magnetic pole - north (N) ether streams flow into and through the opposite magnetic south pole (S) - derived. The totality of the transverse circular velocity component maxi- drains and longitudinal components of elliptical mini sewage and mini sources create cross-field vectors of the object velocity - flow, as shown in Fig. 3.7.2b dotted circular lines. These two kinds of fields, the velocity vectors of ether stream - transverse and longitudinal, form a spatial structure of an object the velocity fields -   source. The totality of the transverse circular velocity component maxi- drains and longitudinal components of elliptical mini sewage and mini sources create cross-field vectors of the object velocity - flow, as shown in Fig. 3.7.2b dotted circular lines. These two kinds of fields, the velocity vectors of ether stream - transverse and longitudinal, form a spatial structure of an object the velocity fields - source. The totality of the transverse circular velocity component maxi- drains and longitudinal components of elliptical mini sewage and mini sources create cross-field vectors of the object velocity - flow, as shown in Fig. 3.7.2b dotted circular lines. These two kinds of fields, the velocity vectors of ether stream - transverse and longitudinal, form a spatial structure of an object the velocity fields - source.

a source

S

А А

3.7.1а

N

mini source  maxi source

А - А

3.7.1b

mini drain 
a drain


S
В В
3.7.2а

N

mini source  maxi drain

В - В

3.7.2b

mini drain

Thus, a study to determine the mechanical nature of the magnetic phenomena, the interaction of material objects (unit cells) through their own cumulative circular transverse and longitudinal components of the velocity vectors of elliptic. While both normal components of the velocity vectors, emitted or absorbed ether streams material objects cause electrical entity interactions. Thereby manage to solve the main issue, so agitated Faraday and Maxwell, "how single cells in the fluid motion can present the polarity of the elementary magnets". Based on the foregoing, we can paraphrase Maxwell's statement. Namely that the unit circumferential cumulative transverse and longitudinal vector components ether elliptical particle velocity flows through one side of each cell and flows out through the opposite. Thus, with respect to the rest of the liquid mass of the first side of the cells is a total drain of circular transverse and longitudinal vector components elliptic ether of particle velocity, and the second - the source. Thus, each cell corresponds to an elementary magnet, the sides of which are covered respectively with equal amounts of north and south magnetism. If each cell is a part of a continuous cell system, the plurality of circular transverse and longitudinal components of the velocity vectors of elliptic ether effluent from one cell will flow into the subsequent and so on, so that our resources can be moved from the ends of the cells at the ends of the individual tubes.

If all individual tubes begin and end on the cell surface of the system, the sources will be based only on the surface; therefore the magnet, wherein the distribution of the magnetism is so-called a solenoidal, or tubular, the entire free magnetism on the surface.

Indeed, the south pole of the magnet, in consideration of the mechanical model is a source of total circular transverse and longitudinal components of the velocity vectors of elliptic ether flows, while the north pole is circular drain total transverse and longitudinal components of the velocity vectors of elliptic ether flows.

Results presented analytical studies fully represent the views of the Faraday and Maxwell, experimental, test data and allows not only justify the mechanical nature of the magnetic phenomena, but also to eliminate errors in previous studies (see reference ).

Help . In Fig. 3.7.3, 3.7.4, illustrated with contemporary understanding of the electronic and magnetic fields.

Fig. 3.7.3

Fig 3.7.4

Electronic judging, e.g., in the direction of its deflection while moving in magnetic field (see the research of 4.10) is the source.

Then, in Fig. 3.7.3 The right and center, and rice. 3.7.4 in a toroidal rotation ether streams magnetic lines of force directions are incorrect. Since on the basis of the evidence presented in the study 4.7 in the direction opposite to the translational motion of the electron along the axis of rotation of the incoming ether stream occurs. In this case, the electron must be converted to the oncoming stream runoff, rather than the source, as shown in Figures 3.7.3 to the left, center, and in Fig. 3.7.4. Actual direction ether streamlines shown in figure 3.7.1 and 3.7.2. At the same time, the equatorial direction of the magnetic field lines in Figures 3.7.3 and 3.7.4, the corresponding cross-circular stream of ether, are correct.

Mistakes in the wrong determining the direction of the longitudinal magnetic field lines corresponding longitudinal elliptical stream ether is present in the designation of the magnetic fields for all physical objects having magnetic properties. Whether it is a charged particle, magnet, planets, stars, galaxies, and the like. For example, the magnetic lines of force direction of the earth, the drain of which, taken mistakenly assume from the north magnetic pole to the South magnetic pole and not from the south to north, as determined in the present study.