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3. ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CLASSICAL FARADEEVO-MAXWELL MECHANICAL MODELS OF PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS OF MATERIAL OBJECTS

3.1 Introduction.

This analytical research is based on the teachings of the classics of dialectical materialism. The resolution of the mechanical models of Faraday and Maxwell with the application of the laws of classical mechanics allows us to overcome the collapse in theoretical thinking provoked by pseudoscientists and obscurantists.

3.2 About the mechanical nature of Faraday's electric power lines

Let us turn directly to the views of Faraday and Maxwell on the substance of the question under consideration. In his work on Faraday's lines of force, Maxwell wrote: "The current state of the doctrine of electricity seems particularly unfavorable for theoretical development. The laws of the distribution of electricity on the surface of conductors were analytically deduced from the experiments.

In some parts of the mathematical theory of magnetism was established, while in others - the lack of experimental data. The theory of the conductivity of the galvanic current and the interaction of conductors is represented by mathematical formulas, but it is not yet connected with the rest of the sciences. The modern theory of electricity and magnetism, covering all the phenomena related here, not only needs to understand the connection between the resting electricity and electricity current, but also between attraction and inductive actions in both states. Such a theory must fully satisfy laws whose mathematical expression is already known, and, in addition, provide the means for the theoretical computation of cases in which known formulas are inapplicable. Therefore, for the successful development of the theory, it is first of all necessary to simplify the conclusions of previous studies and lead them to the form most accessible to perception. The results of such a simplification can be represented either by a purely mathematical formula or by a physical hypothesis.

Until now, the study of the laws of electrical and magnetic forces was made to begin with the assumption that the cause of these phenomena are some innate attractive and repulsive forces between the known bodies. We want to consider the same question from a different point of view, more suitable for our investigations, namely, by determining the magnitude and direction of the forces in question, by means of the velocity and direction of motion of the incompressible fluid.

In the notion of the presence of sources and drains in which a liquid is created or destroyed, there is no contradiction. How nothing prevents us from imagining it as absolutely incompressible, so nothing prevents us from assuming that it is created from nothing in certain places, in others it again comes down to nothing. Places, where the liquid is created, we call the source, and the intensity will be determined by the number of units the amount of fluid produced by them at a time. The same place where the liquid is eliminated, we will call drains and their intensity will be determined by the number of units the amount of fluid absorbed per unit of time.

We can imagine an electrotonic state at some point in space as some vector definite in magnitude and direction, and we can express this electrotonic state at a given point of space with the help of some mechanical vector, for example, velocity or force, the direction and magnitude of which corresponds to the direction and the magnitude of the electrical state that we determined. I do not think that now it's time to get a definitive idea of ​​the essence of electricity, and I see the main merit of the time theory is that it directs the experiment, without at the same time preventing the appearance of a true theory.

Will the application of the theory of these functions to the doctrine of electricity lead to a future for new mathematical ideas useful for physical research? "

Further, Maxwell considers the distribution in space of velocities and pressures in currents along streamlines of some hypothetical fluid, and depending on the location of the set of sources and drains, applying the superposition principle of velocity fields, reduces analysis to the theory of potentials, that is, to determining the forces acting on the trial Charge placed in any point of space.

"Just at that time - Buslaev testifies - science came to the understanding that interaction is an exchange of particles - carriers of interaction (a photon for electromagnetic interaction, a pion for nuclear interaction, etc.).

In Maxwell's work "On Faraday's lines of force" charges are presented in the form of sources and drains of some hypothetical, elastic medium. The assumption of the existence of such a medium allowed to explain consistently all existing, at that time, experiments on electricity and magnetism and actually served as the basis for the creation of electrodynamics. If we imagine this medium as an ether, it turns out that the source of the ether is the material bodies that radiate and absorb the streams of particles, which are intermediaries of physical interactions of material objects. It follows that the ether is not carried away by bodies, but is generated and absorbed by them. "

Such are the scientifically scientific materialistic views of scientists that determine the only true way to solve the fundamental problem of philosophy and natural science, proceeding from the mechanical nature of physical interactions.

Maxwell did not limit himself to these studies, but was going to continue them in the direction of direct consideration of the interaction of the sources themselves and the drains: "In the following I will consider several problems from the doctrine of electricity and magnetism pertaining to spherical bodies. I will postpone the detailed development of cases relating to specially accepted experiments until I have the means in my hands for setting up such experiments. "

Unfortunately, this fundamental program for investigating the mechanical nature of the physical interactions of spherical bodies was never carried out in a form acceptable for physics.

In this study, an attempt is made to fill this gap, aimed at implementing Maxwell's programmatic statement, in fulfillment of his prediction that: "A mature theory in which physical facts will be physically explained will be constructed by those who, by asking nature itself, will be able to find only The correct solution of the questions posed by mathematical theory. "