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A review of Nontraditional Teaching Methods: Flipped Classroom, Gamification, Case Study, Self-Learning, and Social Mediaeducation-09-002732019
,
9
, 273
10 of 20
Table 2.
Benefits belonging to technical
/
professional category associated with targeted nontraditional
teaching methods.
Method
Benefits
Previous Studies
Flipped Classroom
Enhance ability to learn advanced knowledge
[
99
,
100
]
Enhance ability to learn more knowledge
[
34
]
Improve learning ability
[
38
]
Gamification
Improve e
ffi
cient learning
[
93
,
101
]
Useful for learning mathematics
[
102
]
Increase in subjects’ declarative knowledge
[
103
]
Make learning vocabulary easy
[
104
]
Improve engagement and willingness in a software engineering course
[
105
]
Improve learning attitudes
[
106
]
Case Study
Make learning easy
[
23
]
Create e
ff
ective learning
[
68
]
Increase learning performance during class time
[
63
]
Gain in-depth knowledge, especially for graduate students
[
107
]
Self-Learning
Select desired area of learning
[
94
]
Improve learning e
ff
ectiveness
[
108
]
Make possible lifelong learning
[
109
]
Suitable for learners of any age
[
108
]
Improve research skills
[
110
]
Learn from a wide range of areas and fields
[
98
]
Improve concentration for learning
[
98
]
Enhance proficiency at using technology and media
[
111
]
Improve engagement in the learning process
[
112
]
Social Media
Enhance engagement in the learning process
[
17
,
90
,
113
,
114
]
Share opinions and knowledge easily
[
113
–
116
]
Enhance proficiency at using technology and media
[
117
,
118
]
High number of available resources
[
117
]
Ease of access to resources
[
117
]
Make possible lifelong learning
[
119
]
Create opportunities to interact with international domain specialists
for free
[
120
]
As illustrated in Table
2
, the authors of [
102
] adopted the gamification teaching method to teach
mathematics, and observed that learners were more involved in the learning process when they played
a game that employed the use of fractions and answering questions to advance to the next level. This
study concluded that students received higher grades for practical assignments after being taught by
the gamification method compared to traditional teaching methods. In another study on students
enrolled in civil engineering, architecture, and building construction management courses, it was
observed that there was a 22% increase in learners’ declarative knowledge of subjects [
103
].
7.2. Benefits Belonging to Personal Skills
/
Ability Category Associated with Targeted Nontraditional Teaching
Methods
Table
3
indicates that all of the reviewed teaching methods consisted of benefits associated with
the “personal skills
/
ability” category.
Table
3
illustrates that the flipped classroom drives learners to be more engaged in discussions and
class exercises, thereby enhancing their participation. Additionally, when this method is implemented,
the instructor is able to support learners with in-class exercises and assignments. In 2012, Karshenas
and Haber [
121
] concluded that the adoption of the gamification teaching method can be beneficial,
as the learner can imagine a real-life situation without experiencing the risks of actually being involved
in it. For example, actually being present at a hazardous construction site would be more dangerous
than playing a game involving hazards at a construction site.
Educ. Sci.
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