A review of Nontraditional Teaching Methods: Flipped Classroom, Gamification, Case Study, Self-Learning, and Social Media

Table 1. 
Adopted data collection methods associated with targeted nontraditional teaching methods. 
Data Collection Methods Teaching Method Previous Studies 
Survey 
Gamification 
Social Media 
Case Study 
Self-Learning 
[54] and [93] 
[82] 
[68] 
[94] 
Exam 
Flipped Classroom 
Gamification 
Case Study 
Self-Learning 
[38] and [95] 
[22] and [96] 
[63] 
[94] 
Assignment 
Case Study 
Flipped Classroom 
[97] 
[95] 
Interview 
Social Media 
Gamification 
[89] 
[54] 
Quiz 
Flipped Classroom 
Case Study 
[95] 
[68] 
Instructor Reflection 
Case Study 
Gamification 
[63] 
[54] 
Case Study 
Self-Learning 
[98] 
6.2. Trend of Study over the Years
 
Figure 3.
Distribution of data collection methods.
Some of the previous studies and their adopted data collection methods for their study and
research are presented in Table
1
. This table indicates that the distribution of a structured survey is
commonly preferred by authors as a way to record students’ perceptions, as well as analyze their
grades. This data collection method simplified the organization of the collected data.
Table 1.
Adopted data collection methods associated with targeted nontraditional teaching methods.
Data Collection Methods
Teaching Method
Previous Studies
Survey
Gamification
Social Media
Case Study
Self-Learning
[
54
,
93
]
[
82
]
[
68
]
[
94
]
Exam
Flipped Classroom
Gamification
Case Study
Self-Learning
[
38
,
95
]
[
22
,
96
]
[
63
]
[
94
]
Assignment
Case Study
Flipped Classroom
[
97
]
[
95
]
Interview
Social Media
Gamification
[
89
]
[
54
]
Quiz
Flipped Classroom
Case Study
[
95
]
[
68
]
Instructor Reflection
Case Study
Gamification
[
63
]
[
54
]
Case Study
Self-Learning
[
98
]

---

Educ. Sci.
2019
,
9
, 273
8 of 20
6.2. Trend of Study over the Years
In this step, the trends of the teaching methods studied through journal articles published since
2000 were investigated and analyzed by a two-step data screening process. Figure
4
, which is based
on the initial pool of collected articles, shows that flipped classroom, case study, and social media
methods have been used increasingly over the last two decades.
Educ. Sci. 
2019
, 
9
, x FOR PEER REVIEW 
8 of 20 
In this step, the trends of the teaching methods studied through journal articles published since 
2000 were investigated and analyzed by a two-step data screening process. Figure 4, which is based 
on the initial pool of collected articles, shows that flipped classroom, case study, and social media 
methods have been used increasingly over the last two decades.