A review of Nontraditional Teaching Methods: Flipped Classroom, Gamification, Case Study, Self-Learning, and Social Media

2019
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9
, 273
9 of 20
Educ. Sci. 
2019
, 
9
, x FOR PEER REVIEW 
9 of 20 
Figure 5. 
Distribution of data collection types associated with the studied teaching methods. 
Figure 5 shows that surveys/questionnaires were the most popular method for evaluating 
students’ achievements from the gamification method. The researchers mainly relied on 
students’/instructors’ feedback and survey responses. The second-highest rated way to evaluate the 
gamification students’ achievements was exams. 
As shown in Figure 5, case study analysis received the highest distribution (26%) among all data 
collection methods used, revealing that accessing the detailed and confessional style documents was 
popular with the authors and researchers of the case study teaching method. The authors also 
considered understanding attitudes, cultures, and nonobjective aspects of learners’ achievements as 
benefits to using this education method. 
7. 
Results and Discussion: Main Research Questions 1 and 2
 
7.1. Benefits Belonging to Technical/Professional Category Associated with Targeted Nontraditional 
Teaching Methods 
The benefits associated with each studied education method were identified, analyzed, and 
categorized in comparison to traditional teaching methods, and the results are presented in Tables 2
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5. The benefits were classified into four categories (technical/professional, personal skills/ability, 
personal attitude, and time and pace) to provide a firm basis for assessing and analyzing them 
according to their particular/similar characteristics and benefits. Accordingly, an instructor could 
easily select the appropriate teaching method based on the content and objectives of the course. 
Table 2 presents the benefits belonging to each technical/professional category associated with 
the five-targeted nontraditional teaching methods. Among the teaching methods, gamification and 
case study had the highest number of benefits. Adoption of the self-learning teaching method drives 
learners to assess accurately their current situation and study habits, thus helping them enhance their 
research skills and thinking abilities. According to the studies conducted by the authors of [99] and 
[100], adoption of the flipped classroom method positively affects students’ abilities to obtain needed 
skills and gain advanced knowledge belonging to the technical/professional category.
Figure 5.
Distribution of data collection types associated with the studied teaching methods.
As shown in Figure
5
, case study analysis received the highest distribution (26%) among all
data collection methods used, revealing that accessing the detailed and confessional style documents
was popular with the authors and researchers of the case study teaching method. The authors also
considered understanding attitudes, cultures, and nonobjective aspects of learners’ achievements as
benefits to using this education method.