ART AND FUNCTION
36
“interlinke” working methods, whereby an employee in Paris, Neumann, prepared the plans,
while his previous pupil, Jacques Groag, carried out the organizational programming and site
supervision in Vienna’.
94
It is often cited as significant that
Loos was in fact Czech, but while he
was eventually granted citizenship of Czechoslovakia, Brno was in reality an outlying suburb of
Vienna at the time of his birth, and Loos barely spoke any Czech.
95
Loos’s work has been the subject of a vast array of academic articles, and his work has been
referenced in many more. While these articles demonstrate a huge diversity of interpretations of
Loos’s work, there is alarming consensus that Loos opposed the use of ornament in
architecture or the consideration of architecture as art, and that his work is instead a starting
point of modernism, based on issues of functional and practicality. In 1987 Richard
Calvocoressi concludes simply that ‘It was in [the essay] “Architecture” that Loos drew a
distinction between architecture and art, maintaining that the house had no claim to be
classified as a work of art’.
96
Writing on the relationship between Loos and Kafka and the
Jugendstil in 1996 Mark Anderson similarly ‘equates … the lack of ornament with modernity’
97
and assumes ‘Loos’s anti-ornamental views’
98
in progressing his argument. In the same year,
David Crowley labels ‘Adolf Loos’s famous Modem Movement landmark, the Müller House’,
99
while in 2000 Leila Kinney—writing on fashion and architecture—repeatedly links Loos closely
with Le Corbusier,
100
and Hubert Damisch claims Loos proposes a simple division between art
and architecture.
101
A year later, Jan Otakar Fischer notes that ‘Loos was invited to lecture in
Prague often, most importantly in 1925, when he joined Le Corbusier, Gropius, and Oud for a
series of lectures that would effectively launch functionalism in Czechoslovakia’,
102
although it is
noted below that Fischer also expresses some uneasiness with this categorization. Also
published in 2001, Werner Oechslin’s title, ‘Adolf Loos, and the Road to Modern Architecture’,
clearly posits Loos’s work as simply the precursor of modernism.
103
In the same year, in the
course of a discussion on archiving and architecture, Kleinman makes it clear that he does not
believe Loos understood his work as art—stating that ‘For Loos, architecture was the wrong
94
Sarnitz,
Architect, Critic, Dandy, 67.
95
Sarnitz,
Architect, Critic, Dandy, 91.
Sapák, ‘Adolf Loos,’ 64. Other essays in Girsa and Hanzl’s book attempt to claim Loos as
Czech, but seem nationalistic in their motivation.
96
Richard Calvocoressi, book reviews: Recent Publications on Adolf Loos,
The Burlington
Magazine 129 (March 1987): 188–190.
97
Mark Anderson, ‘The Ornaments of Writing: Kafka,
Loos and the Jugendstil,'
Assemblage 1
(October 1986): 133.
98
M. Anderson, ‘The Ornaments of Writing,’ 141.
99
David Crowley,
review of The Architecture of New Prague 1895–1945 by Rostislav Švácha,
trans. Alexandra Büchler,
Journal of Design History 9 (1996): 303.
100
Leila W. Kinney, ‘Fashion and Fabrication in Modern Architecture,’
Journal of the Society of
Architectural Historians 58 (September 1999): 472–481.
101
Hubert Damisch, ‘L’Autre “Ich,” L’Autriche—Austria, or the Desire for the Void: Toward a
Tomb for Adolf Loos,’ trans. John Savage,
Grey Room 1 (2000): 28.
102
Jan Otakar Fischer, ‘White Walls in the Golden City: The Return of the Villa Müller,’
Harvard
Design Magazine, no. 15 (2001): 2.
103
Werner Oechslin,
Otto Wagner, Adolf Loos, and the Road to Modern Architecture, trans.
Lynnette Widder (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
36