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![](/i/favi32.png) April 22nd-28th 2023 Ukraine’s game planThe EconomistNew gold dream
What if Mr Agüera y Arcas is right, though, and that
which science deems lifeless is, in some cryptic, par
tial and emergent way, effectively animate? Then it
will be time to do for
AI
some of what Freud thought he
was doing for humans. Having realised that the con
scious mind was not the whole show, Freud looked
elsewhere for sources of desire that for good or ill
drove behaviour. Very few people now subscribe to the
specific Freudian explanations of human behaviour
which followed. But the idea that there are reasons
why people do things of which they are not conscious
is part of the world’s mental furniture. The uncon
scious is probably not a great model for whatever it is
that provides
LLM
s with an apparent sense of meaning
or an approximation of agency. But the sense that
there might be something below the
AI
surface which
needs understanding may prove powerful.
Dr Bender and those who agree with her may take
issue with such notions. But they might find that they
lead to useful actions in the field of “
AI
ethics”. Win
kling out nonconscious biases acquired in the pre
verbal infancy of training; dealing with the contradic
tions behind hallucinations; regularising rogue de
sires: ideas from psychotherapy might be seen as help
ful analogies for dealing with the pseudocognitive
AI
transition even by those who reject all notion of an
AI
mind. A concentration on the relationship between
parents, or programmers, and their children could be
welcome, too. What is it to bring up an
AI
well? What
sort of upbringing should be forbidden? To what ex
tent should the creators of
AI
s be held responsible for
the harms done by their creation?
And human desires may need some inspection,
too. Why are so many people eager for the sort of inti
macy an
LLM
might provide? Why do many influential
humans seem to think that, because evolution shows
species can go extinct, theirs is quite likely to do so at
its own hand, or that of its successor? And where is the
determination to turn a superhuman rationality into
something which does not merely stir up the econ
omy, but changes history for the better?
n
There might be
something below
the
AI
surface
which needs
understanding
012
21
The Economist
April 22nd 2023
Britain
Education
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