Azerbaijan republik

ANNEX 3. ENVİRONMENTAL MİTİGATİON

Likely Impacts, mitigation, and permissible limits of pollutants
Mitigation measures will be needed for category B sub-projects. Most farming, orchards, horticulture and forestry operations have the potential to harm the environment through the use of chemicals, and due to inappropriate land and water management. Credits and grants for medium-scale agriculture activities (>50 ha) that use fertilizers, pesticides and other farm chemicals would be Environmental Category-B, and would require mitigation and monitoring plans..
Most processing facilities produce some form of pollution and need to treat their effluent, control dust and smoke, dispose of solid wastes, and limit noise pollution from the plant. They are also subject to health and safety laws, and require permits to operate. Most medium scale processing plants that are potential applicants for project funding would be Category-B.
In sub-projects where environmental mitigation is required, a typical environmental mitigation plan would be as shown in Table A- 2.3 in Annex 2.
The following headings cover the likely environmental impacts of different activities, possible mitigation of environmental issues, and guidelines on the permissible limits of various pollutants:

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  Airborne pollution
  
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  Waste water treatment
  
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  Solid wastes
  
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  Noise pollution
  
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  Use of chemicals
  
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  Irrigation and drainage
  
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  Use of water for agriculture and industry
  
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  Health and safety in the workplace
  

Table A-3.1: Some Agricultural and Laboratory Good Practices – Towards a Protected Environment and Sustainable Agriculture

Activity	Good Practices
Laboratory testing	. safe handling, sampling, and storage of chemicals . proper conditions for the storage, housing, handling and care of biological test systems . appropriate labeling of chemicals . neutralization of acids . recycling and/or re-use of solvents . selection of energy efficient equipment . selection of equipment that uses less toxic reagents . safe work environment
Seed	- Selection of seed with lowest agro-chemical input requirements to achieve high yields - Selection of seed with minimal level of pest and disease vulnerability. rigorous sanitation facilities and procedures for imported seed - Seed selection to be subject to seeds adaptation capacity - Consultations with MoA and MENR on minimization of potential impacts on biodiversity - rigorous sanitation facilities and procedures for exported seed - Extension services provide advice on appropriate fertilizer and pesticide applications. Wherever possible, extension service to promote sustainable agricultural practices including IPM, minimum tillage, contour ploughing, crop rotations, and green manure.
Fertilizers	selection of best fertilizers for crop and prevailing soil conditions; - introduction of the methods of integrated crop management for building or maintaining soil fertility - application levels as per recommended by manufacturer and extension service ; - testing of soil to determine actual requirements for fertilizers, before applying fertilizers
Pest management/Pesticides	. IPM is a priority and pesticides to be applied sparingly and only where absolutely necessary . careful handling of pesticides; . protective clothing and equipment to be used . safe storage of chemicals . safe disposal of pesticide containers . applying of alternative and natural methods for pests management, e.g. setting up the insects catcher and insectivorous birds population support. use of only registered pesticides for registered uses and according to the specified directions dosage, waiting periods etc.)
Plant production technologies	. implements suitable for minimal tillage . organic farming methods . selective planting to avoid sensitive areas, adverse aesthetics . zero-tillage . contour ploughing . grassed waterways . crop rotation
Livestock production technologies	. manure containment facilities avoiding excess application of manure to fields especially during non-growing seasons . application of biogas digesters . pasture management
Slaughter houses	. wastes handling facilities designed to ensure zero runoff . blood recovery . incineration of wastes, with capturing and reusing methane gas where appropriate, application of other renewable energy technologies
Tractors	- purchase of engine efficient tractors that provide highest ratio of power and work to fuel input - adequate maintenance to ensure emission minimization - tractors with high efficiency emissions control - tractors no larger than necessary for the most extensive work anticipated
Farm implements	- implements suitable for minimal tillage
Land preparation	- contour ploughing, minimum tillage, grassed waterways, etc.
Small equipment	- energy efficient equipment
Irrigation equipment	- highest efficiency equipment - application of advanced irrigation solutions, such as drip irrigation, rainwater capture, etc.)
Farm buildings for stock, machinery, and chemicals	- Location of buildings where least disturbance of resources required. - energy efficient building design including heating, ventilation - building design to minimize materials and use of environmentally friendly materials
Fencing materials	N/A
Primary processing equipment	- high efficiency equipment including low emission fuels (e.g. gas, solar)
Fuel, lubricants, spare parts and other operating requirements	- safe storage of fuels, lubricants and chemicals
Veterinary services	- minimal use of drugs, especially antibiotics - safe and secure storage of drugs

Table A-3.2: Some Good Practices for Rural Enterprises – Towards a Protected Environment and Sustainable Rural Development

Enterprise Category	Good Practices
Agro-processing	- not to be located in environmentally sensitive areas - effective effluent management system in place - effective disposal of solid wastes - labor safety in place - control of noise - control of odors
Other agribusiness	- aquaculture: .use of non-exotic species - effective disposal of animal wastes - use of local feed stocks - avoid use of sensitive water courses - avoid location on sensitive sites - effective waste disposal - safety precautions and systems during construction - control of effluents and emissions
Extractive industries – forestry and fisheries	- not be located in environmentally sensitive areas - extraction not to directly or indirectly harm other aspects of the ecosystem - forest and fishery harvesting to be conducted on a sustainable basis
Trade (wholesale and retail) – rural markets	- location of markets to take into account micro- environmental effects such as erosion and potential water contamination market operations to be guided by a printed and displayed list of good practices including waste disposal and sanitary procedures
Ecotourism, agrotourism	- environmentally sensitive areas not disturbed - hygiene standards to meet national requirements - sustainable harvesting of wood fuels and any other natural resources - safe work environment . proper disposal of wastes preventing water contamination, disease and vermin