Azərbaycan mġLLĠ elmlər akademġyasi a. A. Bakixanov adina tarġX Ġnstġtutu
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covering territories up to Main watershed in north, the Aghsuchay river - in east, the Goychay river - in west, and Qaramaryam division - in south. After appearing of Mehranis and particularly seizure of political power in Albania by Ghirdman feu-dals, territories of the province were extended up to the Dashaghyl river in west, and the Kur river - in south. Apprehending namely increase of Ghirdman feudals' military-political authority, Sasanid rulers transfered capital of Marzbanate from Qabala to Barda. 2. The territory's favourable natural-climatic conditions, rich fauna and flora, a lot of arable places, gardens, forests and pastures, wide network of rivers and finally direct pass of caravan roods in different directions through there, as far back as beginning from V millenium had resulted in conducting settled life on Ghirdman territories by people, settling numerous populated areas. In the Early Middle Ages some of them, including Qabala, Mehravan, Qyrlartapa, Qalagah and Lahych, played important role for economic, political and cultural life of not only the province, but also the country as a whole. For investigating Ghirdman problem, determination of the place of Mehravan town mentioned in historical sources, but exact coordinates of which up to now have been secret for the science, has big importance. To our mind, the 9- hectared town place discovered in 2004 near Bayimli village of Aghsu district, at the Ghirdmanchay river's left bank and known by people as Torpaggala, encircled by majestic fortress walls laid from raw brick, namely are remnants of Mehravan town. In result of checking excavations it was identified that during Vl-IX centuries there had been proceeding intensive urban life. Along with busied towns of their epoch, such populated areas like Kand Yeri, Kurduvan, Hasan-bay Yeri, Gandob, Ashaghy Qaramaryam, Arabjabirli, Yekakhana, Tarkash, Khyrmantapa, Kalash Duzu, Kalasar, Talystan, Shamdlan and surrounding necropolises also betoken that Ghirdman province ranked with districts rather compactly dwelled by population in Albania in the Early Middle Ages. 3. Geography of the ancient and early-medieval monuments of Ghirdman territories, surely, betokens settling dynamics of the population. And this means that population, which in ancient times settled down along Ajynohur foothills locating between Haftaran hollow and Qaramaryam division, in the Early Middle Ages left traditional dwelling places and removed to highland and foothill territories in north. Thus, on the territories of the Major Caucasus south slope there emerged new populated areas and defence fortresses. The change in settling dynamics of the territory, very likely, can be explained by intensification of foreign invasions and military campaigns. Naturally, organization of defending populated areas and military fortifications on plain territories during numerous hostilities, which continued for a long time, caused numerous problems. And for Sasanid, Byzantian and the Caliphate troops, which were distinguished by battle and manoevre skills more on plain territories, it 352
was inconvenient to them to battle for new populated areas and fortresses built in places favourable in military-strategical terms. 4. During archaeological researches in Ghirdman monuments there had been obtained numerous ammunition items produced and used on Albania territory in ancient times and the Early Middle Ages. Big number of fortresses of the local and regional importance here also betokens active participation of Ghirdman in hostilities periodically undergone by the country. Due to historical sources, through the hostilities Ghirdman feudals had been giving 1000 well-armed cavalries to Albanian army. Ghirdman fortresses and fortifications can be regarded as evident showing of establishing stable ans reliable defence, system for organizing defence of not just the province territories, but also the whole country. The fortresses built in complicated relief conditions from engineering-technical viewpoint are so much majestic that it was possible to reliably defense them even by minor fortress garrisons. And all this betokens that in Ghirdman province military art was on high development level. 5.
dwelling places, necropolises and defence edifices mentioned and described in the work are presented as Ghirdman monuments. For the first time in archaeological literature there is given comprehensive information about most of them. And for the first time in general there is given information about some of them. This has major importance for recomposing archaeological map of Albania, dating back to the Early Middle Ages, in general. 6.
residents of the territory, judgements about history of resettling Iranian-speaking population (Tats) to Ghirdman territories and their settling areal, their gradual Albanianization after a certain historical period, can be important for more profound study of Albania's ethnical situation in the Early Middle Ages. 7.
ancient toponyms of the territory, being a serious scientific argument, for the first time were involved to the research in wide scale with aim of localizing Ghirdman province and specifying its boundaries, betokens resting of opinions and judgements, advanced in the work, upon complex grounds. 8.
administrative-political unit, and weakening of the positions of Sasanid Marzbans in Albania resulted in removing capital of Marzbanate, which apprehended Mehranis' growing authority, from Qabala to Barda. Seizure of political power by Mehranis resulted in military strengthening of Albania, growing of its authority on the international scene, and Ghirdman feudals' possessions through new territories. Thus, areas up to the Kur river in south, the Dashaghyl river - in west, and a part of lands, belonging to Arash province, in south-west were seized by Ghirdman feudals. Yüklə 3,89 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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