484
Chapter 25
Table C
121
INCREASE OR DECREASE IN THE AREA UNDER CULTIVATION,
PRODUCT PER ACRE, AND TOTAL PRODUCT OF 1865 COMPARED WITH 1864
Product
Acres of
Cultivated Land
Product
per Acre
Total Product
1864
1865
Increase or
Decrease, 1865 1864 1865
Increase
or
Decrease,
1865
1864
1865
Increase or
Decrease, 1865
Wheat
276,483 266,989 –
9,494 cwt.,
13.3
13.0 –
0.3 875,782
Qrs.
826,783
Qrs.
–
48,999
Qrs.
Oats
1,814,886 1,745,228 –
69,658 cwt.,
12.1
12.3 0.2 –
7,826,332
Qrs.
7,659,727
Qrs.
–
166,605
Qrs.
Barley
172,700 177,102 4,402
–
cwt.,
15.9
14.9 –
1.0 761,909
Qrs.
732,017
Qrs.
–
29,892
Qrs.
Bere
8,894
10,091
1,197
–
cwt.,
16.4
14.8 –
1.6 15,160
Qrs.
13,989
Qrs.
–
1,171
Qrs.
Rye
cwt.,
8.5
10.4 1.9 –
12,680
Qrs.
18,314
Qrs.
5,684
Qrs.
–
Potatoes 1,039,724 1,066,260 26,536 –
tons,
4.1
3.6 –
0.5 4,312,388
ts.
3,865,990
ts.
–
446,398
ts.
Turnips 337,355 334,212 –
3,143 tons,
10.3
9.9 –
0.4 3,467,659
ts.
3,301,683
ts.
–
165,976
ts.
Mangold-
wurzel
14,073
14,389
316
–
tons,
10.5
13.3 2.8 –
147,284
ts.
191,937
ts.
44,653
ts.
–
Cabbages 31,821
33,622
1,801
–
tons,
9.3
10.4 1.1 –
297,375
ts.
350,252
ts.
52,877
ts.
–
Flax
301,693 251,433 –
50,260 st. (14
lb.)
34.2
25.2 –
9.0 64,506 st. 39,561 st. –
24,945
st.
Hay
1,609,569 1,678,493 68,9241 –
tons,
1.6
1.8 0.2 –
2,607,153
ts.
3,068,707
ts.
461,554
ts.
–
Table D
THE INCOME-TAX ON THE SUBJOINED INCOMES IN POUNDS STERLING
(Tenth Report of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, Lond. 1866.)
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
Schedule A.
Rent of Land
13,893,829 13,003,554 13,398,938 13,494,091 13,470,700 13,801,616
Schedule B.
Farmers’ Profits.
2,765,387 2,773,644 2,937,899 2,938,923 2,930,874 2,946,072
Schedule D.
Industrial,
&c., Profits
4,891,652 4,836,203 4,858,800 4,846,497 4,546,147 4,850,199
Total Schedules
A to E
22,962,885 22,998,394 23,597,574 23,658,631 23,236,298 23,930,340
485
Chapter 25
Under Schedule D., the average annual increase of income from 1853-1864 was only 0.93; whilst,
in the same period, in Great Britain, it was 4.58. The following table shows the distribution of the
profits (with the exception of those of farmers) for the years 1864 and 1865: –
Table E
122
SCHEDULE D.
INCOME FROM PROFITS (OVER £6O) IN IRELAND
1864
£
1865
£
Total yearly
income of
4,368,610 divided
among 17,467 persons.
4,669,979 divided
among 18,081 persons.
Yearly income
over £60
and under £100
238,726 divided
among 5,015 persons.
222,575 divided
among 4,703 persons.
Of the yearly
total income
1,979,066 divided
among 11,321 persons.
2,028,571 divided
among 12,184 persons.
Remainder of the
total yearly income
2,150,818 divided
among 1,131 persons.
2,418,833 divided
among 1,194 persons.
Of these
1,073,906 divided
among 1,010 persons.
1,097,927 divided
among 1,044 persons.
1,076,912 divided
among 121 persons.
1,320,906 divided
among 150 persons.
430,535 divided
among 95 persons.
584,458 divided
among 2 persons.
646,377divided
among 26
736,448 divided
among 28
262,819 divided
among 3
274,528 divided
among 3
England, a country with fully developed capitalist production, and pre-eminently industrial,
would have bled to death with such a drain of population as Ireland has suffered. But Ireland is at
present only an agricultural district of England, marked off by a wide channel from the country to
which it yields corn, wool, cattle, industrial and military recruits.
The depopulation of Ireland has thrown much of the land out of cultivation, has greatly
diminished the produce of the soil,
123
and, in spite of the greater area devoted to cattle breeding,
has brought about, in some of its branches, an absolute diminution, in others, an advance scarcely
worthy of mention, and constantly interrupted by retrogressions. Nevertheless, with the fall in
numbers of the population, rents and farmers’ profits rose, although the latter not as steadily as
the former. The reason of this is easily comprehensible. On the one hand, with the throwing of
small holdings into large ones, and the change of arable into pasture land, a larger part of the
whole produce was transformed into surplus-produce. The surplus-produce increased, although
the total produce, of which it formed a fraction, decreased. On the other hand, the money value of
this surplus-produce increased yet more rapidly than its mass, in consequence of the rise in the
English market price of meat, wool, &c., during the last 20, and especially during the last 10,
years.
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