Character for Leadership: The Role of Personal Characteristics

Implications for This Study ........................................................................ 28 
Character ........................................................................................................... 28 
Self-Directedness .............................................................................................. 29 
Self-Regulation .......................................................................................... 30 
Self-Efficacy ............................................................................................... 31 
Empirical Research ................................................................................... 32 
Summary .................................................................................................... 32 
Cooperativeness ................................................................................................ 33 
Power Motive ............................................................................................. 34 
Empirical Research ................................................................................... 35 
Summary .................................................................................................... 36 
Self-Transcendence ........................................................................................... 37 
Spirituality ................................................................................................. 37 
Empirical Research ................................................................................... 38 
Summary .................................................................................................... 39 
Religious Contexts for Leadership .................................................................... 39 
Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 41 
Chapter 3 – Method .................................................................................................. 43 
Sample............................................................................................................... 43 
Measures ........................................................................................................... 44 
Demographic Survey ................................................................................. 44 
TCI ............................................................................................................. 44 
Sashkin et al.’s (1997) TLP ....................................................................... 46 
Social Desirability Scale ............................................................................ 46 
Procedure .......................................................................................................... 47 
Summary ........................................................................................................... 47 
Chapter 4 – Results .................................................................................................. 48 
Demographics ................................................................................................... 49 
Descriptive Statistics ......................................................................................... 51 

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Character for Leadership 
 
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Analyses of Variance ........................................................................................ 53 
Multiple Regression Analysis ........................................................................... 56 
Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 60 
Chapter 5 – Discussion ............................................................................................ 62 
Research Results ............................................................................................... 62 
Visionary Leadership ................................................................................. 62 
The Leader’s Character, Values, Ethics and Morality .............................. 63 
Character and its Components .................................................................. 65 
Leadership for Religious Contexts ............................................................. 69 
Limitations ........................................................................................................ 72 
Implications....................................................................................................... 73 
Leadership Development ........................................................................... 73 
Leader Character Traits ............................................................................ 73 
Recommendations for Future Research ............................................................ 74 
References ................................................................................................................ 76 
Appendix A – Survey Instrument ............................................................................ 95 
Appendix B – Human Subject Research Approval .................................................. 99 
Appendix C – Approval to Use Sashkin et al.’s (1997) TLP Instrument .............. 102 
Appendix D – Approval to Distribute Survey Instrument ..................................... 103 
Appendix E – Survey Instructions ......................................................................... 104 

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Character for Leadership 
 
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