Cjss second Issue: cjss second Issue qxd

And the question is now how to handle this delicate situation in a
strategically and geopolitically important region. So by controlling Georgia
(in case Russia reaches abovementioned aims), Russia actually will be able
to cut off Central Asia and Caspian resources. It means Russia would be able
to isolate and cut off Azerbaijan and Central Asian countries and it will signif-
icantly strengthen its energy monopoly over Europe with all results out com-
ing from that fact. So it’s about major shift in the energy policy and major shift
in geopolitics based on this energy policy and Russian energy monopoly.
The August war in Georgia demonstrated some risks associated with the
functioning of the transit energy corridor in the southern Caucasus. It also
demonstrated the need for broader security guarantees for a region that is
vital to European and global energy security.
References
Pascual, Carlos . (2009, November 5). The Geopolitics of energy: from se-
curity to survival. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/pa-
pers/2008/01_energy_pascual.aspx
(2008, May 5). S&p revises georgia’s outlook down to stable. Retrieved
from http://georgiandaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=vie-
w&id=1698&Itemid=1&lang=ka
(2008, September 10). Georgia: war costs includes not just physical dam-
age. Retrieved from http://www.oxan.com/display.aspx?StoryDate=2008
0910&ProductCode=CISDB&StoryNumber=2&StoryType=DB
Coskun , Orhan , & Yevgrashina, Lada . (2008 , August 6). Blast halts azeri
oil pipeline through turkey. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/
article/GCA-Oil/idUSSP31722720080806
Blagov , Sergei . (2008, August 20). Georgia: pipeline routes on a powder
keg. Retrieved from http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-
Watch/Detail/?ots591=4888CAA0-B3DB-1461-98B9-E20E7B9C13D4&lng=
en&id=90265
IEA. (2008). Perspectives on caspian oil and gas development
Ismailzade, Fariz . (2008). The Georgia-russian conflict: a perspective
from azerbaijan and implications for the region. Caucasus Analytical Digest, 1
(2008). Translations from Yerevan Newspapers And Other News Agen-
cies. [Electronic version].  Armenia News Bulletin. 
(2009). Russia-georgia tensions harm. Armenia CRS, 495
Pannier, Bruce . (2009 , April 24). Radio free europe. radio liberty. Re-
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trieved from http://www.rferl.org/content/South_Caucasus_Emerges_As_
Crossroads_Of_EnergyExports/1615342.html
Freifeld, Daniel . (2009, August 24). The Great pipeline opera: inside the
european pipeline fantasy that became a real-life gas war with russia. foreign
policy. Retrieved from http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/08/12/
the_great_pipeline_opera
Sinker, Roland . (2001). The Management of a transboundary energy re-
source: the oil and gas of the caspian sea. the politics of caspian oil. Palgrave
Macmillan. p.54
Shaffer, Brenda . (2009). Energy as a tool of foreign policy. ADA Biweekly,
II(15), Retrieved from http://ada.edu.az/biweekly/issues/vol2no15/
20090807034000901.html
Footnotes
1
At the time of the project’s inception, it was envisaged that the pipeline
would be filled primarily with Iranian gas.  However, the complex geopolitical
situation around Iran, coupled with the current under-investment in the Iran-
ian hydrocarbons infrastructure that has turned this country with colossal
reserves into a net importer of gas, has led to a shift of focus.  Attention now
centres far more on Azerbaijan; specifically, on its offshore field of Shah Deniz.
Gas for Nabucco is expected to come from Phase II of the project, which could
provide the base load for the pipeline. 
2
William Engdahl, War, Oil And Gas Pipelines, http://www.rense.com/
general85/fth.htm
3
John C.K. Daly, UPI, Analysis: Implications of Georgia leaving C.I.S.
http://www.upi.com/Energy_Resources/2009/06/09/Analysis-Implica-
tions-of-Georgia-leaving-CIS/UPI-90981244588248/
4
Ariel Cohen, Eurasian pipelines - a forecaster’s nightmare, May 1, 2009,
http://www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed050109b.cfm
5
Marco Giuli, Georgia and Systemic Impact of the Financial Crisis. Cau-
casian Review of International Affairs, Vol. 3 (3)-Summer 2009 
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The Role of the OECD and NGO’s in Central 
Asian Republics by Transforming Their Systems
Savaş Genç
Fatih University
entral Asia is a region, containing five countries, serving as an impor-
tant oil and natural gas exporter, being inbetween Russia, China, and Iran.
This region has been a subject to several regimes and civiliazations.
Latelly it is being transformed to liberal democracy, by the Western influ-
ence.
NGO-s bear one of the biggest role of injecting democracy to the Cen-
tral Asia. Supported by the western governments and the support of inter-
national organizations such as the UN agencies and the World Bank. This
article will talk about the difficulties  and role these NGO-s, local and in-
ternational, play in the democratization of the Central Asian countries,
who for ages suffered from the isolation. This has neither been an easy
job and nor a safe one. There has been a lot of difficulties but the foreign
help in empowering the civil society, has succeeded on the spread of
democracy.
Transformation from one system to another, in this case from com-
munism to democracy, found these countries unprepared, and thus they
needed tranings and preparations for the civil society leaders. In this ar-
ticle I will also explain the role of the Organization for Security and Coop-
eration in Europe and the Europian Union, in helping the civil society,
NGO-s, to transform the country to further democracy, and also the role
of these two important institutions in the foundation of democratic and
liberal institutions of the Central Asia, like judicial, security, human rights,
elections, etc..
C
C
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