Course : Chem 401F

Examination : 24 hours

Marks-200

(2 Unit, 8 Credit)

(i) Experiment: 140 marks (ii) Continuous Class Evaluation and class records: 60 marks

1. Crystallization, extraction, distillation and drying of organic compounds / reagents.

2. Fractional distillation: ethanol from sugar; extraction from solution.

3. Multistep organic synthesis: a) synthesis of nitrophenols, paracetamol; b) preparation of sulphanilamide and other sulphur drugs; c) synthesis of benzyllic acid from benzoin via benzil formation; d) preparation of acridone from anthranilic acids; e) methyl orange and salicylic acid from aspirin (some other synthesis may also be included if facilities are made available).

4. Preparation of ketals, esters: fats and detergents; reactions of aldehydes and ketones and heterocyclic compounds like coumarins, beta keto esters, cyclohexene from cyclohexanol

5. Chromatographic method - TLC, column chromatography, paper chromatography.

6. Assay of drugs and raw materials: a) ephedrine hydrochloride;
c) penicillin/ ampicilline capsule; d) cotrimoxazole tablet /syrup; e) aspirin tablet etc. (some other suitable compounds if they are available. Use of UV-Vis and IR spectrometers.

7. Resolution of recemic compounds (acids/bases).

8. Oxidation: selective oxidation; oxidation of primary and secondary alcohol and aldehyde.

9. Reduction: sodium borohydride reduction of benzil and other compounds containing carbonyl groups.

10. Hydroboration: hydroboration of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

11. Phase Transfer Catalysis: Use of PTC in different types of reactions.

12. Reaction kinetics: hydrolysis of tert-butyl chloride etc.

----------------

Course: Chem-599

(Organic/Industrial Chemistry Thesis)

Marks-200

(2 Unit, 8 Credit)
(i) Thesis submission: 140 marks

(ii) Thesis defense: 60 marks

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY:

Courses	Course Title	Unit	Credit	Marks
Chem-531F	Organometallic Chemistry	1.0	4	100
Chem-532F	Bio-inorganic Chemistry	1.0	4	100
Chem-533F	Inorganic Materials	1.0	4	100
Chem-534F	Analytical Chemistry	1.0	4	100
Chem-535H	Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Catalysis	0.5	2	50
Chem-536H	Environmental Chemistry	0.5	2	50
Chem-531AH	Class Assessment	0.5	2	50
Chem-531VH	Viva-voce	0.5	2	50
Chem-531L*	Inorganic Chemistry Practical & Project OR	2	8	200
Chem-599**	Thesis / Dissertation on topics of Inorganic Chemistry

* Laboratory courses include 30% (60) marks for continuous Lab. assessment.

** Thesis includes 30% (60) marks for oral examination on the thesis.

Examination of the theory courses of 100 marks (1.0 unit, 4 credit) shall be of 4 (four) hours duration, of 50 marks (0.5 unit, 2 credit) of 2 (two) hours duration and of the practical courses of 100 marks (1.0 unit, 4 credit) shall be of 12 (twelve) hours duration (2 days). 30% marks of the practical courses are assigned for continuous Lab. assessment. The students shall submit a report after each lab. class to the lab. teacher(s) for evaluation. After evaluation the report shall be returned to the students. The lab. teacher(s) shall submit the average marks of all lab. evaluation in sealed envelopes to the chairman of the relevant examination committee within three weeks from the last Lab. held.

Class assessment course includes tutorial, terminal, home assignment, and /or class examinations taken on theoretical courses by the relevant course teacher(s) during the academic year. Class assessment comprises (a) 80% marks in tutorial, terminal, home assignment and /or class examinations and (b) 20% marks for attendance in the class. The class teacher(s) of each course shall submit the average consolidated marks of class assessments and attendance in sealed envelope to the Chairman of the relevant examination committee within three weeks from the last class held.

Viva-voce examination includes the assessment of the students through oral examination of all the courses. No student shall be allowed to sit for the examination having less than 60% class attendance.

Course : Chem-531F

Organometallic Chemistry

Examination - 4 hours

Full Marks – 100

(1 unit, 4 credit)

1. Application of different spectroscopic techniques to resolve structural problems of ligands and their complexes.

2. Organotransition-metal complexes of classic Lewis-base donors, phosphines and other group-VB donors and hydrides.

3. Unsaturated nitrogen ligands: macrocyclic imines, dinitrogen complexes, nitrous oxide, nitroso arenes, nitric oxide complexes, diazonium complexes, diazoalkane complexes, nitrite complexes, imines and nitrides.

4. Types of organometallic reactions:

1. 
   Oxidative-additions: reaction with protons, reactions forming metal-carbon bonds, reaction with hydrogen.
   
2. 
   Reductive-eliminations: reaction forming carbon-carbon bonds, reactions forming carbon-hydrogen bonds.
   
3. 
   Insertion reactions: migratory insertions, acyl formation, stereochemistry at the metal and alkyl carbon.
   
4. 
   Intermolecular nucleophilic additions to unsaturated ligands: attack on coordinated CO, acyl, olefin, acytylene, arene, ³-allyl and ⁵-C₅H₅.
   

5. Chemistry of the iron group metallocenes:

Ferrocene: preparation, electronic structure and bonding, physical properties, reactions, general aspects, comparative reactivities of ferrocene and bonzonoid aromatics, mechanism of electrophilic substitution, mechanism of the arylation reaction.

Recommended Books:

1. Parcell and Kotz : Inorganic Chemistry

2. Cotton and Wilkinson : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry,

5th Edn. (1980)

3. J.P. Collman and : Principles and Applications of

L.S. Hegedus Organo-transition Metal Chemistry

4. J.E. Huheey : Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of

Structure and Reactivity

5. J.D. Atwood : Inorganic and Organometallic

Reaction Mechanism.

6. W.U. Malik G.D. Tuli & : Selected Topics in Inorganic

R.D. Madan Chemistry

7. S.Z. Haider : Selected Topics in Inorganic

Chemistry

8. D.L. Pavia, G.M. Lavepman & : Introduction to Spectroscopy

G.S. Kriz (Saunders)


Course : Chem-532F

Bioinorganic Chemistry

Examination - 4 hours

Full Marks - 100

(1 unit, 4 credit)

1. General survey of the field. Trace element requirements, inorganic drugs (lithium and cis-platin etc.)

2. The biochemistry of iron :

(a) Iron storage and transport : Ferritin, transferrin, bacterial iron transport.

(b) Hemoglobin and myoglobin; nature of the heme- dioxygen binding, model system, cooperativity in hemoglobin.

(c) Cytochromes, cytochrome P₄₅₀ enzymes.

(d) Iron-sulphur proteins, ferodoxins.

(e) Hemerythrins.

3. The biochemistry of other metals:

a) Zinc : carboxypeptidase (CPA and CPB) and carbonic anhydrase, (mechanism and model), metallothioneins.

b) Copper : Heme proteins and copper proteins in redox reactions, factors affecting redox potentials in metal complexes, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, hemocyanins.

c) Cobalt : Vitamin B₁₂ (structure and function) and coenzymes.

4. Metal and non-metals in biology and medicine : Metal pollution, cancer.

5. Nitrogen fixation.

Recommended Books:

1. Cotton and Wilkinson : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry,

5th Edn. (1980)

2. Counther L. Eichhorn : Inorganic Biochemistry, (edited) Vol. I & II

3. J.E. Huheey : Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of

Structure and Reactivity.

4. A.C. Deb : Fundamentals of Biochemistry

5. K.F. Purcell & J.C. Kotz : Inorganic Chemistry

6. M.N. Hughes : The Inorganic Chemistry of

Biological Processes

7. R.J.P. Williams & De Silva : New Trends in Bioinorganic Chemistry

8. E. Ochiai : Bioinorganic Chemistry:

9. David R. Williams, (Edited) : An Introduction to Bioinorganic Chemistry

10. R.W. Hay : Bioinorganic Chemistry

11. D.M. Taylor, D:R. Williams : Trace Element, Medicine and

Chelation Therapy.

Course : Chem 533F

Inorganic Material Science

Examination - 4 hours

Full Marks – 100

(1 unit, 4 credit)

1. 
   Introduction to materials science and engineering: Materials and civilization, types of materials, materials and engineering, structure, properties, performance.
   
2. 
   Atomic bonding and coordination: Individual atoms and ions, molecules, macromolecules (polymers), three-dimensional bonding and interatomic distances.
   
3. 
   Crystals (Atomic Order) : Crystalline phases, cubic structures, noncubic structures, polymorphism, unit-cell geometry, crystal directions, crystal planes and x-ray diffraction.
   
4. 
   Disorder in solid phases: Imperfections in crystalline solids, noncrystalline materials, order and disorder in polymers, solid solutions, solid solutions in ceramic and metallic compounds and solid solutions in polymers (copolymers).
   
5. 
   Polymers and composites: Deformation and flow of amorphous materials, processing of polymeric materials, polymeric composites, and properties of composites.
   
6. 
   The physical properties of materials : Density, thermal properties, diffusion, electrical properties, magnetic properties, dielectric and optical properties.
   
7. 
   Performance of materials in service: Service performance, corrosion reactions, corrosion control, delayed fracture, performance of metals at high temperatures, service performance of polymers, performance of ceramics at high temperatures.
   

Reference :

1. Lawrence H. Van Vlack : Elements of Materials Science and

Engineering

2. R.E. Smallman and R.J. Bishop : Metals and Materials

3. O.P. Khanna : Material Science and Metallurgy

Course : Chem 534F

Analytical Chemistry

Examination 4 hours

Full marks-100

(1 unit, 4 credit)

1. 
   Sampling : Water , air and soil, sample processing, trace analysis.
   
2. 
   Atomic spectroscopy (10 Lectures): Absorption, emission and fluorescence methods: theory, measurement, interference and applications.
   
3. 
   Electron spectroscopy: ESCA, AES (AUGER).
   
4. 
   X-ray spectroscopy: Absorption, diffraction and fluorescence
   
5. 
   Potentiometric methods (8 Lectures): Indicator electrodes, membrane indicator electrodes; glass electrode for pH measurements, liquid membrane electrodes, solid state and precipitate electrodes, pH meters, errors affecting pH measurements with glass electrodes, direct potentiometric measurements, calibration for direct potentiometry, standard addition method, potentiometric titrations, end point determination
   
6. 
   Electrogravimetry and coulometry: Theory, instruments and applications.
   
7. 
   Voltammetry and polarography (8 Lectures): Theory of hydrodynamic voltammetry and classical polarography; measurement and applications; anodic stripping voltammetry.
   
8. 
   Thermal analysis: Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and thermometric titrations
   
9. 
   Radiochemical methods: Radioactive isotopes, neutron activation analysis, isotopic dilution and radiometric methods.
   

Recommended Books:

1. D.A. Skoog : Principles of Instrumental

Analysis (4th Ed.)

2. Willard, Merritt, Dean & Settle : Instrumental Methods of

Analysis (6th Ed.)

3. Bassett, Danney, Jeffery & Mendhams : Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative

Inorganic Analysis

4. Pavia, Lampman & Kriz : Introduction to Spectroscopy

5. L.R. Faulkner & A.J. Bard : Electrochemical Methods

Course : Chem-535H

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Examination - 2 hours

Full Marks - 50

(0.5 unit, 2 credit)

1. 
   Introduction: Definition and thermodynamics of catalysis, comparisons between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, industrial application.
   
2. 
   Inorganic reaction mechanism:
   

1. 
   Review of rate laws, activation parameters, substitution reaction on sq. planar and octahedral complexes, electron transfer reactions.
   
2. 
   Stereochemical non-rigidity.
   

3. 
   Homogeneous catalysis:
   

1. 
   Overview of mechanism, monohydride catalysts, dihydride catalysts.
   
2. 
   General features of Wilkinson’s catalyst and mechanisms of hydrogenation by Rhodium (I) dihydride catalysts, asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation, asymmetric catalysts of the type RhCIL₃ and other asymmetric homogeneous catalysts.
   

4. 
   Hydrogenation of olefin and acetylene: Hydrogenation of conjugated olefins and acetylene, hydrogenation of other functional groups, catalytic hydrogenation of arenes, a model for hydrogenase and free radical hydrogenation.
   
5. 
   Synthesis characterization and Stoichiometric reactions of transition-metal hydrides.
   
6. 
   Catalytic reaction involving carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide:
   

1. 
   Oxo reactions; cobalt catalysts, rhodium catalysts and other oxo catalysts
   
2. 
   Fischer-Tropsch reaction; hydrogeneous Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, hydrogeneous model reactions and homogeneous CO hydrogenation.
   

Recommended Books:

1. Parcell and Kotz : Inorganic Chemistry

2. Cotton and Wilkinson : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry,

5th Edn.(1980)

3. J.P. Collman and : Principles and Applications of

L.S. Hegedus Organo-transition Metal Chemistry

4. J.E. Huheey : Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of

Structure and Reactivity

5. J.D. Atwood : Inorganic and Organometallic

Reaction Mechanism.

6. W.U. Malik G.D. Tuli & : Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry

R.D. Madan

7. S.Z. Haider : Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry

Course: Chem 536H

Environmental Chemistry

Examination –2 Hours

Full marks-50

(40 lectures, 0.5 unit, 2 credit)

1. 
   Introduction : Environmental science and environmental chemistry, definitions of some environmental terms, spheres of the environment, the natural cycles of environment.
   
2. 
   Hydrosphere: Carbon dioxide in water, pH of natural water, behaviour of metal ions in water, complexing agents and humic substances in natural water, microbially mediated redox reactions.
   
3. 
   Lithosphere : Composition of lithosphere, water and air in soil, inorganic and organic components in soil, acid-base and ion-exchange reactions in soil, micro- and macro-nutrients, wastes and pollutants in soil.
   
4. 
   Trace Elements : Essential trace elements, pollution sources, Biochemical and toxicological effects of lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic.
   
5. 
   Noise Pollution: Classification, measurements of noise, noise pollution hazards and its controls.
   

Recommended Books:

1. S.E. Manahar : Environmental Chemistry (6^th Edn.)

2. A.K. De : Environmental Chemistry (5^th Edn.)

3. S.S. Dara : A Text Book of Environmental Chemistry and

Pollution Control.

4. Colin Baird : Environmental Chemistry.

Course : Chem-531L

(Inorganic Chemistry Practical & Project)

Examination - 24 hours

Full Marks : 200 (2 unit, 8 credit)
Experiment & Project- 140

Continuous Class Evaluation : 60

1. 
   Preparation of 1-10 phenanthroline, ethylenediamine, orthophenyline diamine, picolinic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, orthoamino benzoic acid complexes of Co(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), Fe(II), Fe(III); characterization by elemental, magnetic measurement & spectroscopic method.
   
2. 
   Ion-exchange separation & estimation of some metal ions: Cu(II), Ni(II) Co(III) and some heavy metals.
   
3. 
   Extraction & estimation of magnesium from green leaves
   
4. 
   Estimation of arsenic in water.
   
5. 
   Preparation of metal-acetylacetonate complexes and separation of metal complexes by chromatographic techniques.
   
6. 
   Solvent extraction method: Separation & estimation of metal ions.
   
7. 
   Preparation & characterization of thiocynate complexes of transition metals containing some monodentate & bidentate ligands.
   
8. 
   Separation & estimation of metals from some inorganic drugs.
   

Recommended Books:

1. J. Bassett & others : Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative

Inorganic Analysis

2. Skoog & West : Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry

3. Schwarzenbach & Flaschka : Complexometric Titrations.