a particular class of phonemes of the corresponding language. So, in Russian and
in Belarusian there is a phoneme [v] which has a completely different distribution
in these languages. in Russian, due to the inherent neutralization of final
consonants in this language, [v] is realized at the end of a syllable or word in its
languages at the phonological level, should include those functions that perform
certain classes of phonemes in the structure of a given language. For example, in
Arabic, the main lexical meaning is given by consonants: [c-n-d-q]
(
dower chest),
whereas, grammatical meaning is expressed by vowels: [с-a-n-d-i-q] in singular
(dower chest),
[c-u-n-d-u-q] in plural
(dower chests)
. In contradistinction to
Arabic, in Uzbek like in many Turkic languages vowel phonemes do not carry
any grammatical load, but perform exclusively as distinctive unit:
bor (exist)
[bor],
ber (give)
[ber],
bur (turn)
[bur],
bir (one)
[bir],
bo`r (chalk)
[bør].
To summarize, one can say that indicators which can be considered
typologically determining at the phonological level are: 1) quantitative and
qualitative inventory of phonemes, 2) the number and quality of oppositions and
correlations, 3) cases of neutralization of phonemes, 4) distribution of phonemes,
5) functions phonemes in the word.
1.
Concerning the levels of language, how many sections does linguistic typology
have?
2.
What does phonological deals with?
3.
What languages are called vocal language languages?
4.
What does the notion of phonological opposition refer to?
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