Electrical industry of burma/myanmar
(C) References to the Mann gas power plant
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- Compiler’s note
- (D) References to the Shwedaung (Pyay) gas power plant Compiler’s note
- References to a gas-fired power plant at Kanma Compiler’s Note
- References to a thermal power plant at Chauk
- Appendix 5 DIESEL-OPERATED GENERATING PLANTS IN MYANMAR: NOTES Compiler’s note
- Table 6 Generation of Electricity by Units under the EPC (In millions of kWh)
(C) References to the Mann gas power plant Comiler’s note: Very little public information is available about the Mann gas-fired electric power station. Together with an LPG extraction facility it is located at Minbu across the Irrawaddy river from the regional city of Magway. A 14-inch-diameter gas pipeline connects the two plants to the Htaukshabin and Kanni oil and gas fields a few miles to the south and to the Mann field a few miles to the north of Minbu, respectively. Recent reports indicate that the Mann field is producing about 4 - 5 million cf/d and the Kanni/Htaukshabin field about 9 -10 million cf/d. As shown in Table 2 of the JIBC evaluation report below, this would appear to be fairly consistent with the levels maintained over the past twenty years. Note the entry from the Myanmar Times (23/01/12) which indicates that the gas turbines at the power plant in Minbu have been out of operation for several years. Data summary: Mann Myanmar Times, 23/01/12. Excerpt. For full article see: Shwe gas will electrify Rakhine State: Minister EPM-2 Khin Maung Soe said the ministry of energy agreed that some of the gas produced by the offshore Shwe gas field should be fed into gas-fuelled electricity turbines and then back into the national grid. The minister said the national grid would be expanded in coming years to include the southern part of Rakhine State. “We already have three gas turbines at Minbu in Magwe Region that are not being used,” U Khin Maung Soe said. “But if we get those turbines running the electricity generated will be sent into the national grid as well,” he added. [Compiler’s note: Presumably some of the gas from the Shwe field would be siphoned off from pipeline that will carry it through the Ayeyawaddy valley to its final destination in China.] NLM, 06/05/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/NLM2009-05-06.pdf EPM No 2 Khin Maung Myint reports to the SPIC that major repairs to the generators in the Hlawga, Ywama, Ahlon and Thakayta gas-fired power plants in Yangon and at the Kyunchaung, Mann and Shwedaung gas-fired power stations. NLM, 12/1/08. http://203.81.72.132/newpaper/1211newsn.pdf Manager Khin Mar Nyo at the Mann natural gas-fired plant briefs EPM No 2 Khin Maung Myint on measures to supply power. Work on the 132-kV, 90 MVA, sub-power station for the transmission line that will connect the Kyee-ohn Kyee-wa power plant [under construction] with the Mann (Minbu) station is underway, as is work on the 230/66/11-kV 100 MVA Okshitpin sub-power station and the 132/66/11-kV, 45 MVA Sedoktara sub-power station. The minister is also briefed on developments with regard to the 132-kV Kyee-ohn Kyeewa - Mann power circuit, the 132-kV Namhsan [Namzang] - Pinpet power circuit, the 230-kV Shwetaung - Okshitpin power circuit, and tbe 230-kV Meiktila-Taungdwingyi power circuit. The minister views stockpiles of electrical appliances for each project in the Mann station compound. Platts Myanmar Country Energy Profile, [mid-2007]. For access information, see Power Profile The 37-MW power plant at Mann uses simple-cycle gas turbines. Japanese Bank for International Co-operation, Myanmar Integrated Liquefied Petroleum Gas Project (Phase I-Part 2) (Phase II), p 4, October 2002. www.jbic.go.jp/english/oec/post/2002/pdf/074_full.pdf According to the Myanmar Petrochemical Enterprise, no improvement in the supply or content of natural gas supply can be expected, because the Mann gas field which provides natural gas to the liquid petroleum gas (LPG) extraction plant at Minbu is being depleted. Under these conditions, it is unforeseeable that the target volume of producing LPG 30,000T/Y will be accomplished in the future. Table 2: Gas Supply Volume and Gas Composition
The Kanni and Htaukshabin oil and gas fields are connected by a 14-inch-diameter gas pipeline that runs 17 miles north to the Mann field. From the Mann field a 10-inch-diameter pipeline goes farther north for 59 miles to the Lanywa field where it connects to a pipeline across the Irrawaddy to the Chauk field. Ministry of Energy, [undated, circa 2000] www.energy.gov.mm/MEP_1.htm The Mann gas turbine power station has an installed capacity of 36.90 MW. Salween Watch, November 1999. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/SW03.htm The Mann gas power plant was finished in 1980. NLM, 26/03/98. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/98nlm/n980326.htm#07 EPM Tin Htut visits the Mann LPG plant, oil-field and natural gas-fired electric power station. WPD, 15/09/90. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BPS90-09.pdf SPIC, chaired by SLORC V-C Gen Than Shwe, met to review hydel power and energy projects. MEPE will increase power supply to 721.46 MW in 1992-94, when the Biluchaung hydro-electric power project No 1(28 MW) comes on-line in 1992 and the addition to the Mann thermal generating station (72 MW) comes on-line in 1993, Firm capacity will then be about 562.91 MW. Tin Maung Maung Than, “Burma's Energy Use: Perils and Promises” in Southeast Asian Affairs 1986, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986, p 84. [not available on-line] Among the gas turbine power stations commissioned in recent years, those at Mann, Ywama and Prome, which had been started in fiscal 1978/79, were financed partly by loans and grants (mainly for turbo-generators and control/switching elements) from the United Kingdom. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) References to the Shwedaung (Pyay) gas power plant Compiler’s note: The Shwedaung gas-fired electric power station is located in the town of the same name about eight miles south of the regional city of Pyay (Prome). It is the largest of the four gas power plants in the Irrawaddy valley and supplies electricity to state-owned and defence factories across the river at Sinde, Htonbo and Nyaungchaydauk in Paduang township, as well as to the industrial area in Pyay. Originally, it drew much of its gas supply from the Pyitaungtan field, 22 miles to the south, and from the Tantabin field across the Irrawaddy in Kyangin township. In the nineties it benefited from the discovery of gas on the Apyauk field in Taikkyi township farther south. Like the gas-turbine plants in Yangon, it is now increasingly dependent on gas from the Yadana field in the Andaman sea. Data summary: Shwedaung NLM, 06/05/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/NLM2009-05-06.pdf EPM No 2 Khin Maung Myint reports to the SPIC that major repairs to the generators in the Hlawga, Ywama, Ahlon and Thakayta gas-fired power plants in Yangon and at the Kyunchaung, Mann and Shwedaung gas-fired power stations. Platts Myanmar Country Energy Profile, [mid-2007]. For access information, see Power Profile The 80 MW power plant at Shwedaung uses simple-cycle gas turbines. NLM, 10/01/07. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070110.htm EPM No 2 Khin Maung Myint visits the Pyay gas-fired power station in Shwedaung township where the manager briefs him on input and distribution of electricity, the importance of maintaining the generators, and input and output lines in the switching yard. Arrangement are being made to link the 230-kV Toungoo-Oakshitpin and the 230-kV Shwedaung-Oakshitpin cable lines. This should make it possible provide extended distribution of electricity to No 1 Steel Mill of MEC near Kyaukswegyo Village in Aunglan township. NLM, 25/08/06. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n060825.htm EPM No.2 Khin Maung Myint looks into the gas turbine plant at Shwedaung. He checks the control room and switching yard and urges officials to keep up full supply power to No 3 fertilizer plant in Kyaw Swa. Ministry of Energy website information, [undated, circa 2000]. http://www.energy.gov.mm/MOGE_1.htm The Shwetaung plant is connected to the Pyitaungtan field by a 10-inch-diameter pipeline. A parallel 14-inch line extends 37 miles from the Pyitaungtan field to Titut a few miles north-east of Pyay. Ministry of Energy website information. [undated, circa 2000]. www.energy.gov.mm/MEP_1.htm The gas turbine power station at Shwedaung has an installed capacity of 54.30 MW. Salween Watch, November 1999. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/SW03.htm The Shwedaung gas power plant was finished in 1982. John C. Wu, The Mineral Industry of Burma, [1995]. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs2/MIB1995.pdf Production of natural gas from the Aphyauk gas field, near Taikkyi in the lower delta of the Ayeyarwady rose to 2.12 million cu m/day in 1995 from 1.1 million cu m/d in 1994. Natural gas produced from the 10 wells on the Aphyauk gas field was piped to Yangon and Pyay for power generation at Thaketa and at Shwedaung, near Prome. Tin Maung Maung Than, “Burma's Energy Use: Perils and Promises” in Southeast Asian Affairs 1986, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986, p 84. [not available on-line] Among the gas turbine power stations commissioned in recent years, those at Mann, Ywama and Prome, which had been started in fiscal 1978/79, were financed partly by loans and grants (mainly for turbo-generators and control/switching elements) from the United Kingdom. (E) References to a gas-fired power plant at Kanma Compiler’s Note: A reference to this rarely mentioned gas-fired plant appears in a list of electric power stations operated under the aegis of the Ministry of Electric Power No 2 in an NLM article dated 15/05/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/NLM2009-05-15.pdf The plant is reported to have been opened in 1998 and to have an installed capacity of 8.72 MW. Kanma is a large village in Pakokku township and appears to be on the natural gas pipeline between Kyaukkhwet/ Letpando oil and gas field in Pauk township and the Ayadaw field in Pakokku township. Kanma is located on the road stretching north from Myitche in Pakokku township to the town of Pauk. A reference to a project to establish a small gas-fired power station at Kanma Sanpya village in the Pakokku district appeared in NLM on 03/10/97. After visiting Shwetanttit irrigation pump project in Pakokku township, General Than Shwe and an official entourage "helicoptered to the small-scale natural gas power station project in Kamma Sanpya Village. They were welcomed there by Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, Managing Director of Myanma Electric Power Enterprise U Zaw Win and personnel, members of Red Cross and Auxiliary Fire Brigades, pupils, members of USDA and local people. Minister U Khin Maung Thein and Managing Director U Zaw Win briefed them on the project for establishment of a small-scale -power- station -to be run with natural gas produced from Kyaukkhwet Natural Gas Field and programmes for power supply from Kamma to Myitchay, Myaing, Pauk, Letpando, Kyaukkhwet and neighbouring villages." http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/NLM1997-10-03-text.pdf After a visit to the Letpando oil field in Pauk township in the Pakokku district, on 05/01/98, Energy Minister Lun Thi was reported to have "attended to the needs at a natural gas-powered station near Kamma Sanpya village, Pakokku township." http://myanmargeneva.org/98nlm/n980108.htm The Kanma power plant does not appear on recent maps showing the location of generating and sub-power stations in Myanmar (see Annex 1 below). It does not appear in a list of nine operating gas-fired power stations included in an article in NLM on 15/01/11. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-01-15.pdf But the following news item appears to indicate that a project to link the power station at Kanma with the national grid is underway. “With a view to implementing projects to supply electricity, EPM-2 is undertaking national grids such as installation of . . . the 9.5-mile-long 66-KV power line from the Kyunchaung-Pakokku 66-KV power line (near Myitchay) to Kanma . . .” http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/NLM2010-03-07.pdf Data summary: Kanma (F) References to a thermal power plant at Chauk Compiler’s Note: A map drawn up by a Japanese team that conducted research on the application of renewable energy sources in Myanmar indicates that there is a 14-MW thermal power generating station at Chauk (ELPG003C). This plant is not mentioned in reports of the electric power ministries. It could be a generating station fuelled by natural gas produced in the Chauk field and operated by the Energy Ministry to serve its projects in the area. (ELOV008C). The Chauk gas turbine station is also shown on the grid system map that was included in the evaluation report of the Sedawgyi hydropower project. See Map 1 below. Data summary: Chauk ================================================================================== Appendix 5 DIESEL-OPERATED GENERATING PLANTS IN MYANMAR: NOTES Compiler’s note: Diesel-operated generating plants are an important source of power in many of the towns and larger villages across the country. As indicated below, there were over 900 of these state-owned diesel-fueled plants operating throughout Myanmar in 2006. The total amount of electric power they generated by diesel plants has not varied greatly over a 35-year period. However, the number of privately operated diesel-fueled generating plants at factories, workshops, commercial establishments, hotels and in the suburban areas of large cities has ballooned over the last decade to compensate for the frequent brown-outs and failures in the national system. Rising prices for diesel combined with the recent cutbacks in fuel subsidies in Myanmar are bound to have a heavy impact on the use of electricity throughout the country. References See above: ‘Chaungzon supplied with electricity at a big loss’ (NLM: 29/03/11) 'Fuel price increase impacts industrial use of electricity' (IRROL: 15/08/07) 'Premium rates for electricity in Mon villages' (IMNA: 03/08/07) 'Impact of unreliable power supply on industrialization in Myanmar (IDE: 10/05) 'Proposal for barge-operated power plant at Monywa copper mine' (ECFA: Dec 2004) 'Coping with power black-outs in Rangoon' (Mizzima News: 27-04-04) ‘Sittway power company plagued by diesel deficit’ (Narinjara News, 25/03/03) 'Private operators meet consumer need for alternative power service' (MT: 03/02/02) Tin Maung Maung Than, “Burma's Energy Use: Perils and Promises” in Southeast Asian Affairs 1986, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986, p 83. [not available on-line] Although the strategy [outlined in the government’s economic plan] for satisfying long-term power requirements envisaged large-scale hydro-electric schemes integrated to irrigation projects, because of the long lead times and high capital costs of such projects, mini-hydroelectric power plants and thermal generation plants (employing gas turbines and multi-fuel steam generators) have been set up as short-term measures to satisfy the rising demand for electricity. Small diesel generating plants have also been employed in off-grid locations to cater for local requirements (see Table 6). Table 6 Generation of Electricity by Units under the EPC (In millions of kWh)
**Rounding errors may result in differences between the total figures and the sums of its components. **Provisional figures; subject to revision in later years (usually downwards). ASEAN Centre for Energy, [undated, circa 2000]. www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_electricity_projects.htm According to statistics submitted to the ASEAN Centre for Energy by MEPE, diesel power plants had an installed capacity of 24.97 MW in stations connected to the national grid in fiscal 1999-2000 and 40.42 MW in isolated stations. The combined total capacity of 65.39 MW amounted to 5.57% of national generating capacity and they produced 56.30 million kWh, roughly 1.25% of all the electricity generated by MEPE power plants.
While visiting Kawthoung in Taninthayi Division, Lt-Gen Maung Bo of the Ministry of Defence inspected construction of a self-help power plant by Shwe Wetwun Co. Altogether four 750-kilowatt generators are being installed for supply of electricity to Kawthoung. JICA, MEPE, Nippon Koei, Institute of Energy Economics Japan, Study on the Introduction of Renewable Energies in Rural Areas of Myanmar: Final Report: Volume I: Summary, September, 2003, pp 8, 10, 11. http://lvzopac.jica.go.jp/external/library?func=function.opacsch.mmdsp&view=view.opacsch.mmindex&shoshisbt=1&shoshino=0000159772&volno=0000000000&filename=11734100_01.pdf&seqno=1 In the remote areas not covered by the national grid, the township centres are supplied by MEPE through local systems connected to diesel generators and/or small hydro-electric generators. It is often inefficient to extend the distribution network from the grid to these rural areas because of low population density and the dispersal of the centres far from the grid. MEPE currently operates 456 diesel generators and 30 small hydro-electric systems in rural areas not covered by the grid. Diesel generators are operated for only 3 hours a day due to budget limitations. Where revenues are insufficient, these are supplemented by by remittances from MEPE. Battery lighting was introduced when kerosene disappeared from the market during the oil crisis of 1973. Before that kerosene lamps were the main source of lighting for farm households. Now many battery charging stations powered either by the grid or by small diesel generators operate on a commercial basis countrywide. Small diesel generators are also used for a single household or fed to several neighbouring households. NLM, 22/01/06. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs2/NLM2006-01-22.pdf Small, medium and heavy diesel-used power plants are being built in the regions which are far from the national grid and border areas. In addition to these facilities wind-powered power plants, waste heat recovery power plants, bio-fuel used power plants and bio-diesel used power plants are being built to fulfil the electricity needs. In 1988, the state-owned electric power company had 621 diesel power plants. By 2006 there were 944 diesel operated generating plants. Country Report Myanmar on Infrastructure Development with a focus on Public Private Partnerships (PPP) (ESCAP: July 2007), p 27. http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/ppp/reports/Myanmar_6july2007.pdf According to the Border Areas Developments programme, 199 towns and villages which are outside the National Grid System were electrified by 265 diesel generating sets with an installed total capacity of 8.8 MW. Alfred Oehlers, Behind Burma's Fuel Price Rise, IRROL, 22/08/07. http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=8318 To fully understand the pressures behind the [recent] increase in fuel prices [in Burma], it is important to consider some deeper structural characteristics of the Burmese economy and oil and gas sector. To begin, one bold fact: Burma is essentially a diesel-powered economy. We see this in the buses, trains and trucks that rumble around the country. We also see this in the dilapidated power plants that sometimes generate electricity. Most of all, we see this in the ubiquitous portable generators that exist in nearly every home, factory and shop that can afford one. For a long time now, diesel prices have been kept artificially low through subsidies. And as demand for diesel has continued to grow in tandem with an expanding economy, the amount spent on these subsidies has similarly expanded, posing an ever increasing strain on the regime’s finances. In an attempt to increase the supply of diesel, the regime attempted to encourage greater crude oil output from the domestic oil industry in recent years. This has not met with great success, as onshore wells are declining in productivity (the “peak oil” phenomenon) and there are few, if any, offshore wells. In any case, sources suggest, even if higher volumes of crude could be obtained domestically, another bottleneck would have developed around the available refining capacity in Burma. Burma’s ageing refineries simply cannot refine crude volumes sufficient to meet demand. These refineries, in addition, are incapable of refining crude from other sources with different sulfur content, thus ruling out imports of crude to augment domestic supplies. The only solution then, is to import diesel. And as this is usually done at spot market prices, it is an extremely costly solution. . . . [Moreover,] rising imports of diesel, gasoline and gas products at escalating prices cannot be paid for from existing gas revenues. Nor can an already weak state budget—depleted by projects such as a new capital—absorb such rising costs. The only solution is to slash the subsidies and raise fuel prices. NLM, 28/12/07. http://myanmargeneva.org/NLM2007/eng/12Dec/n071228.pdf On 22 December, EPM No 2 Khin Maung Myint visited the An township electrical engineer's office to check on power sufficiency and the distribution of electricity in the township. The minister and party inspected the maintenance of two 150 KVA diesel-powered generators and the installation of power lines. Afterwards, accompanied by Western Commander Maung Shein he went on to the Ma-i electrical engineer's office on the An-Taungup road where they inspected generators and met with service personnel. "Myanmar Country Report on Progress of Power Development Plans and Transmission Interconnection Projects", Fifith Meeting of Planning Working Group of the Regional Power Trade Coordination Committee, Greater Mekong Subregion (Ventiane, 17/06/08), Appendix 4, pp 7, 9. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/Mekong/Proceedings/PWG5-Appendix4.4.pdf Diesel-operated generating equipment in off-grid areas served by MEPE had an installed capacity of 35.79 MW in FY 2007-08 and produced 33.59 million kWh, roughly 0.5% of all the electricity generated by MEPE power plants. ================================================================================== Yüklə 12,31 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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