Fact Sheet 3 - Albania - 8294-00/2012
1.7
Functionality and strength of governmental organisation
and NGOs
The Ministry of Environment is functional in Albania with varying scope and responsibilities as decided by the changing governments. The
current one includes under its responsibility several agencies national and regional such as: Regional Environmental Agencies, Directorates of
Forest Service, Agencies of Water and Basins as well as the Inter‐institutional Operational Sea Centre.
The former Environment and Forests Agency was re‐organised in January 2015 and renamed National Environment Agency. Its administrative
capacity was strengthened. A State Inspectorate of Environment Forests and Waters (SIE) was also established in 2015. According to the EU
Progress Report 2014 on Albania, the environmental inspection system has limited resources and do not provide a credible guarantee that
infringements are being properly monitored and punished.
Local government units have responsibilities especially related to water supply and sanitation and waste management. It has to be mentioned
that waste management is a challenge in the country. Environmental civil society and civic movement has seen a certain maturity as in various
occasions civil support has been gathered through media awareness and recently social media on hot discussion topics as far as important
decisions with large impact on environment is concerned. Some crucial ones can be mentioned such as the civil alliance against the processing of
imported waste from Italy, the civil alliance and street protests against the Syrian chemical weapons that were considered to be dismantled in
Albania back in 2013 as well as protests and lawsuits on certain construction permits in environmentally sensitive areas such as around the lake
in Tirana.
Environmental civil society has also received support from international actors within and outside Albania. Global Environmental Facility
continues to be active and the country is preparing for its 6th round. In addition, a programme (2013 – 2015) financed by the Swedish
government and implemented by the Regional Environmental Centre (Support for Environmental Civil Society Organisatons in Albania ‐
SENiOR‐A) aims to strengthen and specialize environmental civil society in Albania through articulating community needs, provide services
and support, develop partnerships and networks, capable to address country environmental priorities and progress towards sustainable
development.
See list of
documents
1.8
Improved possibility of implementing multilateral
environmental agreements
Albania is already beneficiary of international support from various partners including the UNDP, GIZ, ADA, Switzerland as well as recipient
of World Bank loans. It is particularly worth mentioning that the government is currently entering a new phase of implementing EU IPA
support through budget support. While the field of environment is not part of the initial six priority sectors (social policies, water, public
administration, property rights, competitiveness) these areas will most certainly include elements of environmental support that will further be
explored. This new way of delivering EU assistance will put the government in the centre of coordination and prioritization of interventions and
will also hold it accountable for absorption and implementation capabilities.
See list of
documents
1.9
Others
‐ Public consultation on public investments and participation in legislative initiatives need to be fostered.
‐ More strategic approach for the country is needed.
‐ Strengthen administrative capacity and interinstitutional cooperation.
‐ The Law on environmental impact assessment and the Law on environmental permits are not aligned with the Environmental Impact
Assessment Directive.
‐ The Environment Ministry’s capacity for programming and implementation remains weak.
‐ Strengthen law enforcement, including training of judges, prosecutors and police on environmental issues.
‐ Limited administrative capacity and weak interinstitutional cooperation.
‐ Low implementation and enforcement levels.
Page 5
Fact Sheet 3 - Albania - 8294-00/2012
2.
Development of key criteria regarding the thematic
operational fields for environment and development
Explanation
Sources
2.1
Sustainable natural resource management and
preserving biodiversity
Explanation
Sources
2.2
Sustainable chemicals and waste management
Explanation
Sources
2.3
Climate protection
Explanation
Sources
2.4
Water and sanitation
Explanation
Sources
2.4.1
Status and trends regarding the improvement of basic
services and health (sector objective)
(i) Early stage, little progress, law on integrated water management was adopted.
(ii) Improved water sources: 96% access stays the same from 2005 to 2012.
Improved sanitation: access improves from 87% (2005) to 91 (2012).
(v) Drinking water coverage estimates ‐ Albania
Piped onto premises:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 96; 2012: 91. ‐ rural (%): 1995: 40; 2012: 63. ‐ total (%): 1995: 62; 2012: 78.
Other improved source:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 4; 2012: 6. ‐ rural (%): 1995: 54; 2012: 31. ‐ total (%): 1995: 34; 2012: 18.
Other unimproved:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 0; 2012: 3. ‐ rural (%): 1995: 4; 2012: 6. ‐ total (%): 1995: 3; 2012: 4.
Surface water:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 0; 2012: 0. ‐ rural (%): 1995: 2; 2012: 0. ‐ total (%): 1995: 1; 2012: 0.
Santiation coverage estimates ‐ Albania
Improved facilities:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 95; 2012: 95. ‐ rural (%): 1990: 71; 2012: 86. ‐ total (%): 1990: 79; 2012: 91.
Shared facilities:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 4; 2012: 4. ‐ rural (%): 1990: 8; 2012: 9. ‐ total (%): 1990: 6; 2012: 7.
Other unimproved:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 1; 2012: 1. ‐ rural (%): 1990: 20; 2012: 4. ‐ total (%): 1990: 14; 2012: 2.
Open defecation:
‐ urban (%): 1990: 0; 2012: 0. ‐ rural (%): 1990: 1; 2012: 1. ‐ total (%): 1990: 1; 2012: 0.
(x) Water quantity available for many people increased; in irrigation, not much was done; improved sewerage in major cities; sector still remains
far behind because of its inefficiency.
(i), (ii), (v), (x)
2.4.2
Status and trends regarding the improvement of the
livelihood and the economic development (sector
objective)
(iv) GNI (gross national income) per capita increased from 2005: 4.370 USD to 2013: 9.950 USD.
(iv) Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines increases from 12% (of population, 2008) to 14% (2012).
(ii, slide 10) World Bank projects’ (1995‐2017) investment:
‐ Surface with rehabilitated irrigation infrastructure: 230 000 ha (64% of potentially irrigated are 360 000 ha).
‐ Surface with rehabilitated drainage infrastructure: 250 000 ha.
‐ Rehabilitated dams for irrigation: 80 dams.
‐ Assessed and monitored dams for the safety: 250 dams.
(x) Albania started badly – there was a big gap between Albania and abroad; but the trend is positive (e.g. 300.000 Albanian‐Greek returned
from Greece and live now in Albania).
(iv), (ii), (x)
Page 6
Dostları ilə paylaş: |