History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A. D. 100-325
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It must in justice be admitted, however, that the list of Roman bishops has by far the preeminence in age, completeness, integrity of succession, consistency of doctrine and policy, above every similar catalogue, not excepting those of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople; and this must carry great weight with those who ground their views chiefly on external testimonies, without being able to rise to the free Protestant conception of Christianity and its history of development on earth. § 52. List of the Roman Bishops and Roman Emperors during the First Three Centuries. From the lists of Eusebius (till Silvester), Jaffé (Regesta), Potthast (Bibliotheca Hist. Medii Aevi), Lipsius and others compared. See a continuation of the list in my History of Mediaeval Christianity, p. 205 sqq. Date Popes
Emperors Date
Augustus 27 b.c.
Tiberius a.d. 14–37 Caligula 67–41
Claudius 41–54
? 42–67 Petrus-Apostolus (63–64) Nero
54–68 ? 67–79
Linus-Presbyter Galba
68 Otho
68–69 Vitellius 69 –69 ? 79–91
Cletus or Anacletus Titus
79–81 Domitian
81–96 104
Philip Schaff History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325.
? 91–100 Clemens I Nerva 96–98
Trajan 98–117
? 100–109 Evaristus ? 109–119 Alexander I Hadrian 117–138
? 119–128 Xystus or Sixtus I ? 128–139 Telesphorus (Martyr) Antoninus Pius 138–161
? 139–142 Hyginus
? 142–154 Pius I
? 154–168 Anicetus
Marcus Aurelius 161–180
? 168–176 Soter
? 177- 190 Eleutherus Commodus 180–190
? 190–202 Victor I
Pertinax 190–191
Didius Julianus 191–192
Niger 192–193
Septimius Severus 193–211
202–218 Zephyrinus 105 Philip Schaff History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325. Caracalla 211–217
Geta (d. 212) 211–217
M.Opilius Macrinus 217–218
218–223 Callistus, or Calixtus I Heliogabalus 218–222
(Hippolytus,Antipope) ? 223–230 Urbanus I Alexander Severus 222–235 ? 230–235 Pontianus (resigned in exile) 235–236
Anterus Maximin I (the Thracian) 235–237 236–250
Fabianus, Martyr The two Gordians: Maximus Pupienus, Balbinus
237–238 Gordian, the Younger 238–244 Philip
244–249 250–251
The See vacant till March, 251 Decius
249–251 ? 251–252 Cornelius (in exile) Gallus
251–252 ? 251
(Novatianus, Antipope) 252–253
Lucius I Volusian
106 Philip Schaff History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325. 252–253 ? 253–257 Stephanus I Aemilian
253–268 Valerian
256–259 Gallienus 259–268 ? 257–258 Xystus (Sixtus) II Till July 21, 259 The See vacant 259–269
Dionysius Claudius II 268–270 269–274
Felix I Aurelian
270–275 275–283
Eutychianus Tacitus
275–276 Probus
276–282 283–296
Gajus (Caius) Carus
282–284 Carinus
284–286 Numerian
Diocletian (d. 313 ) 284–305
Maximian joint Emp. with Diocletian 286–305
296–304 Marcellinus Constantius (d. 306) 304 or 307 304–307 The See vacant 107 Philip Schaff History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325. Galerius (d. 311) Licinius (d. 323) Maximin II (Daza) 308–309
Constantine the Great, 309–323
Galerius (d. 311), 308–309
Marcellus Licinius (d.323), 309–310 Eusebius, d. Sept. 26 (?) 309 Maximin (d. 313), Maxentius (d. 312), 309–310 The See Vacant reigning jointly. 311–314
Miltiades (Melchiades) 314-335 Silvester I. Constantine the Great, 323-337
sole ruler. The whole number of popes, from the Apostle Peter to Leo XIII. (1878) is two hundred and sixty-three. This would allow about seven years on an average to each papal reign. The traditional twenty-five years of Peter were considered the maximum which none of his successors was permitted to reach, except Pius IX., the first infallible pope, who reigned twenty-seven years (1846-1878). The average term of office of the archbishops of Canterbury is fourteen years. § 53. The Catholic Unity. J. A. Möhler (R.C.) : Die Einheit der Kirche oder das Princip des Katholicismus. Tübingen 1825. Full of Catholic enthusiasm for the unity of the church. R. Rothe: Die Anfänge der christl. Kirche. Wittenb. 1837 (pp. 553–711). A Protestant counterpart of Möhler’s book. Huther.: Cyprian ’s Lehre von der Einheit der Kirche. Hamb. 1839. J. W. Nevin: Cyprian; four articles in the "Mercersburg Review," 1852. Comp. Varien’s strictures on these articles in the same "Review" for 1853, p. 555 sqq. Joh. Peters (Ultramontane):
Cyprian
von der Einheit der Kirche gegenüber den beiden Schismen in Carthago und Rom . Luxemb. 1870. Jos. H. Reinkens (Old Cath. Bishop):
Cyprian
von der Einheit er Kirche. Würzburg, 1873. Comp. also Hartel’s ed. of Cyprian’s Opera (3 Parts, Vienna, 1868–’71), and the monographs on Cyprian by Rettberg (1831), Peters (1877), Fechtrup (1878), and O. Ritschl (1883). 108 Philip Schaff History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325. Yüklə 5,76 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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