English Simple
all elements are
obligatory
Expanded
to read and
translate the
text –
expanded
elements are
equal in rank
Extended
a word takes a dependent
element and this dependent
element becomes the head for
another word:
a beautiful flower
– a very beautiful flower
Russian
Simple
(two
notional
words)
белый
плащ,
Complex
(three
and
more notional
words)
-
Key points for discussion:
Definitions of word combinations/phrases in compared
languages
Structure and classification of word combinations of
English, Russian and Uzbek languages.
Criteria of connection of words in word combinations
.
108
готовиться к
поездке
очень старый
плащ,
готовится к
завтрашней
поездке
Uzbek
Simple
(consists of two
notional words)
оқ қоғоз, кўм-
кўк осмон
Complex
(consists
of
extending
the
members
of
simple
word
combination)
осмондаги уч
ўрдак,
ҳаммадан
аълочи ўқувчи
-
In compared languages combinations of words can be classified according to
the type of syntagmatic relations as follows:
English Coordinate
you and me
Subordinate
to see a house, a nice
dress
Predicative
him coming, for
him to come
Russian
Syntacticallyfree
вы
сокий дом,
идти в школу.
Syntacticallybound
т
ри сестры, анютины
глазки.
-
Uzbek
Independent
китоб ва дафтар.
Dependent
опамнинг китоби.
-
As it is seen in the table above there are some differences in classifying and
naming the word combinations in compared languages. In independent relation,
words have equal independent meaning. On the contrary, in dependent relations
words are divided into thehead (kernel) element (word) and adjunct. In this kind of
combinations, one of the words clarifies and fulfils another word.
Word combinations with the head element are represented by word groups
that form a grammatically organized structure with one element sub-ordinate to the
other element. The subordinating element is called the head of the word
combination. In the following examples, the head elements are underlined: green
leaves, to type a letter, quite simple. According to the head element word
combinations have the following types in compared languages:
109
English
→ noun-phrases –
a cup of tea,
verb-phrases
– to run fast, to see a
house,
adjective phrases –
good for you,
adverbial phrases –
so quickly,
pronoun
phrases –
something strange, nothing to do.
Russian
→ verbphrase -
прыгатьчерезверёвочку, бегалподвору,
adverbialphrase
- совсемблизко,наединестобой,
nominal phrase: substantial
-
красноепальто,
столстумбочкой,
adjective
-
почтисерьёзный,
полныйсомнения,
красныйотнатуги,
pronoun
-
кто-нибудьизнас,
ястоварищем,
quantitative
- одинизнас, второйпопорядку.
Uzbek
→ verb phrase –
вазифани бажармоқ, тез ўқиш,
nominal phrase:
noun phrase –
кенг дала,
adjective phrase –
тухумдан кичик,
quantitative phrase –
одамларнинг бири,
pronoun phrase –
ўқувчиларнинг ҳаммаси.
Types of dependent relation in Russian and Uzbek languages can be in three
types: agreement, government, and adjoining (contact).
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