Instructions to authors for the preparation of manuscripts

Battery capacity 
250mAh 
350mAh 
450mAh 
750mAh 
Theoretical 
SensorCube
 
lifetime inside 
the concrete 
10.2 
years 
14.8 
years 
19.4 
years 
33 years 

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5. CONCLUSION 
In this paper, a new communicating paradigm for precast 
concrete is presented to store and retrieve data during its 
lifecycle. This paradigm is developed through uniformly 
integrating thousands of micro-sensor nodes in the concrete. 
The data is stored and then retrieved using multi-hop 
communication protocols for WSN, called respectively USEE 
and RaWPG. The paper presents the instrumentation of the 
WSN inside the concrete. Then, the paper presents the 
performances evaluation of USEE and RaWPG protocols, 
based on the case study of the precast concrete lifecycle 
management, in terms of storage uniformity, storage 
capacity, response delivery rate, and average delay. The 
simulation results show that USEE and RaWPG meet the 
constraints of data lifecycle management of precast concrete. 
Finally, the WSN lifetime inside the concrete is estimated 
through energy analysis. The WSN lifetime could be ensured 
for the entire precast concrete lifecycle by only 350mAh. 
Our future work will be focused on testing the protocols 
USEE and RaWPG in real concrete brick application. The 
radio signal propagation inside such real material will be 
evaluated. Indeed, different performance metrics will be 
studied such as the lost packet ratio to evaluate their impacts 
on the data storage uniformity, the data retrieval reliability, 
and the energy consumption. 
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