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![](/i/favi32.png) International
PV module solar simulatorIEC60904-9-20205.3.2.2
PV module solar simulator
Solar simulators are typically used for output power characterization or electrical stabilisation.
Two types of irradiance detector may be used:
a) Encapsulated c-Si reference cell (single cell detector): The maximum detector size shall
be 20 cm x 20 cm, preferably a 15,6 cm x 15,6 cm solar cell.
b) Assembly of detector cells encapsulated in a module (array detector). The maximum
single detector size is given by the dimensions of a 6-inch solar cell. Spacing between
cells shall be less than 1 cm.
The actual grid of the irradiance map will depend on detector size and test area dimensions.
The ratio of measured area with the uniformity detector and the designated test area shall be
larger than 80 %.
For any array detector the relative calibration of cells may change for different irradiance
levels. Either the calibration shall be performed at different irradiance levels or non-linearity
impacts shall be considered in the uncertainty budget.
5.3.2.3
PV cell solar simulator
The detector size should not be larger than 1/5 of the smallest dimension of the test area.
Both single cell detector and assembly array detector with encapsulated cells can be used.
If one of the dimensions of the test area is smaller than 10 cm, the use of photodiodes or
masked solar cells as detector for non-uniformity measurement is recommended.
Photodiodes with small detector area shall be used if a higher spatial resolution is required.
For photodiodes special attention needs to be given to their linearity at typical irradiances of
solar simulators. The detector should be of the same dimensions or smaller than the smallest
sample size expected to be measured on the simulator.
5.3.3
Procedure
5.3.3.1
General
The irradiance of the solar simulator may not be constant during the monitoring process for
non-uniformity. Therefore, a second PV device should be used for monitoring the irradiance,
to ensure that temporal fluctuations of irradiance between different measurement positions
can be corrected to the same target value. This is to be placed typically at a fixed position
outside the designated test area (stationary cell). It can also be placed inside the designated
test area, in particular if it is of the same type and dimensions as the movable uniformity
detector. Readings of the stationary cell and movable uniformity detector should be taken
simultaneously. Irradiance correction from the stationary cell reading to the target irradiance
level shall be performed for each measurement of the moving cell.
If the solar simulator is used for I-V measurement of PV devices, the uniformity measurement
readings should be taken during the part of the pulse, in which the I-V measurement is
performed. The resulting non-uniformity pattern shall be referenced to the mean values
recorded at each test location. If necessary, irradiance correction is to be performed.
Care should be taken that the test arrangement for measuring spatial uniformity does not
influence the results.
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