Karakalpal state university theory and practise of translation

Chapter 2 . Uzbek national games and amusements
The national games and amusements are an indispensable part of the Uzbek culture. From ancient times major holidays and events have been accompanied by various performances, games and competitions. Today the national games continue to live, some of them, such as the kurash wrestling and ulak-kupkari, having even been acknowledged as international sports. 
Ulak-kupkari is one of the most ancient equestrian games popular among the peoples of Central Asia. From the emotional aspect this highly spectacular performance can be compared with the Spanish bullfighting. Traditionally, ulak-kupkari is held at holidays, weddings, in spring, before the opening of the farming season, and in autumn, after the harvest has been reaped. In the course of time this game has grown into a popular sport with its own rules, clubs, federations and competitions. 
The ‘ulak’ (headless carcass of a goat) is prepared beforehand. The carcass usually weighs 30-40 kg, but on a rainy day, when mud sticks to the goat’s fur , its weight may reach 80 kg.
Kurash wrestling 
The Uzbek kurash is one of the most ancient types of traditional wrestling in the world and, probably, the most popular amusement in Uzbekistan. There is no holiday in Uzbekistan that goes without kurash. This sport does not require a special ground or a gymnasium. In the former times people were wrestling on the ground, sometimes covered with carpets. The rules are simple and democratic. Kurash is acceptable to both the young and the old. Holidays often feature wrestling with the participation of grey-bearded old men. 
Kurash requires much strength and stamina and is not characterised by complex technique and tactics. Wrestling in a recumbent position is prohibited in kurash. The contestants may wrestle only when on their feet, and are only allowed to throw or trip the opponent. Any blows, painful grip or stranglehold, as well as catching below the waist, are explicitly forbidden. All this makes kurash a simple, clear, spectacular, dynamic and safe sport. .