530
EnCase Forensic Version 6.11 Userʹs Guide
Host Protected Area (HPA)
An area of a disk designed to allow vendors
to store data safe from user access,
diagnostics, or backup tools. If present, data
stored in this area is inaccessible by the
operating system, BIOS or the disk itself.
I
Index
An EnCase index is a feature that allows
quick access to the data in an evidence file.
Internet Protocol Address (IP)
A unique number that devices use to
identify and communicate with each other
on a computer network utilizing the Internet
Protocol standard. Any participating
network device, including:
routers
computers
time‐servers
printers
Internet fax machines
some telephones ‐ must have its own
unique address.
An IP address can also be thought of as the
equivalent of a street address or a phone
number.
IPv4 specifies addresses in four eight‐bit
decimal numbers separated by a dot. IPv4
specifies a port number with a colon.
IPv6 addresses the limitations that IPv4 has
with the total number of addresses. IPv6 is
typically written in eight 16‐bit hexadecimal
numbers, which are separated by a colon.
IPv6 specifies a port number with a space.
K
Keyword
A keyword is a string or expression used in
searching your evidence.
L
LinEn Utility
The Linux EnCase client used for disk‐to‐
disk or cable acquisitions.
Logical Evidence File
A specialized form of an evidence file filled
with user‐selectable files, as opposed to a
traditional evidence file which contains the
entire contents of the device. Logical
Evidence files have the extension .L01.
M
Malware
Software designed to infiltrate or damage a
computer system without the ownerʹs
informed consent.
Mount, Mounting
The process of making a file system ready
for use by the operating system, typically by
reading certain index data structures from
storage into memory ahead of time. The
term recalls a period in the history of
computing when an operator had to mount
a magnetic tape or hard disk on a spindle
before using it.
N
Network Tree
The network tree represents the hierarchical
organization of the underlying network and
file structure.
Glossary of Terms
531
New Technology File System (NTFS)
The standard file system of Windows NT
and its descendants:
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Server 2003
Windows Vista
Node
A node is the machine where the servlet is
installed.
Notable File Bookmarks
Bookmarks used to identify individual files
containing important information to a case.
NTFS
See New Technology File System.
P
Pane
Panes comprise the four quadrants to the
interface:
Tree pane
Table pane
View pane
Filter pane
Panes contain tabs, which alter the display
of the data inside the pane. Panes are
resizable.
Physical Disk Emulator (PDE)
The EnCase Physical Disk Emulator lets
examiners mount computer evidence as a
local drive for examination in Windows
Explorer. This feature allows examiners
many options in their examinations,
including the use of third‐party tools with
evidence served by EnCase.
Port
A virtual data connection that can be used
by programs to exchange data directly,
instead of going through a file or other
temporary storage location. The most
common of these are TCP and UDP ports
used to exchange data between computers
on the Internet
R
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
A data storage scheme using multiple hard
drives to share or replicate data among the
drives. Depending on the configuration of
the RAID (typically referred to as the RAID
level), the benefits of RAID are:
increased data integrity
fault‐tolerance
throughput or capacity compared to
single drives
Regular Expression
A string that describes or matches a set of
strings according to certain syntax rules.
Many text editors and utilities use egular
expressions to search and manipulate bodies
of text based on certain patterns. Many
programming languages support regular
expressions for string manipulation. Also
see GREP.
Root
The base of a file systemʹs directory
structure or the parent directory of a given
directory.