XIV
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International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
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T2: P–3
Raman spectroscopy of red blood cells in sepsis
Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska
1
, Magdalena Kołodziej
1
, Jacek Czepiel
2,3
,
Mateusz Kozicki
1
, Julia Sacharz
1
, Malwina Birczyńska
3
, Grażyna Biesiada
2,3
,
and Aleksander Garlicki
2,3
1
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland, e-mail: birczyns@chemia.uj.edu.pl
2
Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
3
Department of Infectious Diseases, The University Hospital in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
Sepsis is one of the main reason of high mortality ratio around the world, according to the
WHO statistical data from 2015 [1]. Even if the majority number of women's deaths is caused
by complications during pregnancy, about 11% of that deaths is caused by sepsis. Additionally,
in the USA, in the period 1999–2014, sepsis was identified as a cause of 6% of all death cases,
and is the leading cause of death occurred in 22% of cases [2]. A high mortality rate is the result
of difficulty in diagnosing sepsis, as this term defines an organism's response to an infection
rather than an independent disease entity. In 2016 new definition of sepsis was created as “life-
threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection” [3], so any
type of infection (bacterial, viral or fungal) can lead to septic reaction. The most common
bacteria, sources of infection, are pneumonia and meningitides. Thus vaccination is the way to
prevent the causes of sepsis.
There are many important organ dysfunction during sepsis and the relevant alterations take
place in red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs play a principal role in our organism in delivering some
substances such us oxygen from lungs to the body tissues via blood. The cytoplasm of RBCs
contains a hemoglobin – allosteric metalloprotein responsible for transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide. It consists of protein subunit (globin) and heme group, which are able to bind to oxygen
molecules.
Micro-Raman spectra of the blood samples from 5 hospitalized septic patients, were
obtained using 514.5 nm and 785 nm laser lines. These data were compared with Raman spectra
of control group of healthy volunteers. Application of the statistical method – Principal
Component Analysis allows to find differences between Raman spectra of single RBCs of
heatlhy volunteers and septic patients, and consequently to find biomarker bands. The PC-1
loading plot indicates clearly visible as minima at 950 and 970 cm
−1
due to protein νCC
backbone vibrations and to νCC of unordered protein and lipids vibrations, respectively,
characterizing septic condition. Additionally 740 and 1305 cm
−1
of heme ν
16
mode with Thr and
heme ν
21
mode are correlated with septic patients data [5, 6]. Analysis of average Raman spectra
of erythrocyte membrane, show the alterations observed for septic patients, relatively well
described by a I
1130
/I
1075
intensity ratio. Decreasing value of I
1130
/I
1075
intensity ratio describes the
decreasing fluidity of cells membranes for septic patients [7].
Keywords: Sepsis; Erythrocytes; Raman micro-spectroscopy; PCA
References
[1] World Health Statistic 2015, World Health Organization, WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
[2] L. Epstein, R. Dantes, S. Magill, A. Fiore. Varying Estimates of Sepsis Mortality Using Death Certificates
and Administrative Codes — United States, 1999–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 65 (2016) 342.
[3] M. Singer, C. S. DeutschmanC. W. Seymour, M. Shankar-Hari, D. Annane, M. Bauer, R. Bellomo, G. R.
Bernard, J.-D. Chiche, C. M. Coopersmith, R. S. Hotchkiss, M. M. Levy, J. C. Marshall, G. S. Martin, S. M.
Opal, G. D. Rubenfeld, T. van der Poll, J.-L. Vincent, D. C. Angus, JAMA. 315 (2016) 80.
[4] W. Eatin, E. R. Henry, J. Hofrichter, A. Mozzarelli, Nature Structural & Molecular Biol. 6 (1999) 351.
[5] A.T. Tu, Raman Spectroscopy in Biology: Principles and Applications, John Wiley&Sons, New York, 1982.
[6] A. Wesełucha-Birczynska, M. Kozicki, J. Czepiel, M. Łabanowska, P. Nowak, G. Kowalczyk, M. Kurdziel,
M. Birczynska, G. Biesiada, T. Mach, A. Garlicki, J. Mol. Struct. 1069 (2014) 305.
[7] M.
Kozicki,
J.
Czepiel,
G.
Biesiada,
P.
Nowak,
A.
Garlicki,
A.
Wesełucha-Birczynska,
Analyst
140
(2015)
8007.
XIV
h
International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
219
T2: P–4
Temperature effect on secondary structure of fish skin collagen: FT
NIR Raman study
Maria Połomska
1
, Leszek Kubisz
2
, Jacek Wolak
1
, Dorota Hojan-Jezierska
2
,
and Marlena Gauza-Włodarczyk
2
1
Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań,
Poland, e-mail: polomska@ifmpan.poznan.pl
2
Department of Biophysics, University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
Exogenous collagen is widely used in medicine, tissue engineering and cosmetology due to its excellent
biocompatibility and safety [1]. The reported transmission of spongiform encephalophaties (BSE) to
humans stimulated the development of other sources of collagen excluding mammals The increasing
interest in fish collagen is related to its properties, the absence of some pathogen transferred by mammalian
collagen and its capability to carry other substances. The basic structural unit of collagen consists of three
polypeptide chains that are coiled together around the central axis in a right-handed triple helix [2, 3]. The
polypeptide chains forming the collagen structural units are rich in glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and
hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues linked together in a characteristic repeating pattern X
Pro
-Y
Hyp
-Gly.
Sequence analysis of collagen type I chains reveals that the most frequent secondary structure is α-helix, β-
sheet and irregular conformation [4, 5]. The triple helix structure is maintained mainly by hydrogen bonds
between the –NH group of glycine and carbonyl group C=O of residues from another polypeptide chain or
by hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The ladder of hydrogen bonds observed in the crystal structure is
essential for holding the triple helix together, whereas its absence in natural collagen leads to a variety of
pathological situations [5]. The secondary structure of native collagen is influenced by various external
factors, such as: temperature and a number of chemical factors or mechanical effects. The present work
reports the findings of our studies of collagen obtained by acid hydration method from the skin of silver
carp fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) [6]. The results of the study were compared with the same study
performed for the collagen obtained from bovine Achilles tendon (BAT). All changes in protein changes in
the secondary structure of collagen could be studied by means of Raman spectroscopy, which is particularly
useful for this purpose. The changes are reflected in the position of Raman bands, their intensity and their
spectral width. The analysis of the recorded Raman spectra of fish skin collagen (FSC) at ambient
temperature revealed a relatively high content of α-helix structure in a film produced from collagen gel. The
significant content of α-helix structure is suggested by the high intensity of the bands related to amide I
along with amide III, at ~1666 and ~1274 cm
–1
, respectively. The intensities of both bands are much higher
than the intensities of the corresponding bands for the BAT collagen. Temperature effects on the Raman
spectra of FS collagen are negligible up to the temperature 358 K. Above this temperature, the content of α-
helix structure is reduced and beneficial to β-sheet structure and other disordered structures and the Raman
spectrum of FS collagen resembles the Raman spectrum of BAT collagen. Therefore, one can conclude that
FS collagen studied by us is thermally stable up to ~358 K. Temperature studies of Raman spectra changes
in BAT collagen showed that the character of Raman spectra does not undergo any change in the
temperature range from 300 to 403 K.
The high content of α-helix structure in FS collagen, obtained by the method described in the patent [6]
suggests its potentially good biocompatibility, hence a variety of possible applications in medicine and
cosmetology.
Keywords: biomaterials; collagen; secondary structure; Raman spectroscopy
Acknowledgment
This work is supported by the project COLLRAN (ID 245480) co-financed by the National Centre of Research
and Development, Poland, within the framework of Applied Research Programme path B.
References
[1] Chi H. Lee, A. Singla, Y. Lee, Int. J. Pharmaceut. 221(2001) 1.
[2] K. Okuyama, X. Xu, M. Iguchi, K. Noguchi, Biopolymers (Pept. Sci.) 84 (2005) 181.
[3] M.D. Shoulders, R.T. Raines, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 78 (2009) 929.
[4] S.A. Overman, G.J. Thomas Jr., Biochemistry 37 (1998) 5654.
[5] K. Gullekson, L. Lucas, K. Hewitt , L. Kreplak, Biophys. Journal 100 (2011) 1837.
[6] J.E. Przybylski, K. Siemaszko-Przybylska, Patent 190737 Patent Office, Republic of Poland, (2002).
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