XIV
h
International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
151
T1: P–18
Raman and infrared spectroscopic study of quercetin
and its sulfonic derivatives
Urszula Maciołek
1
, Anna Kuźniar
1
, Ewaryst Mendyk
2
, Zofia Komosa
2
,
Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
2
, Radosław Keller
2
, Jan Kalembkiewicz
1
,
and Małgorzata Kosińska
1
1
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of
Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland, e-mail: umaciolek@prz.edu.pl
2
Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 M. Curie-
Skłodowska Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland
IR spectra allow for the obtaining of essential data about functional groups in a molecule of
a compound thanks to the existence of bands from the characteristic vibrations of these groups.
Raman spectroscopy is a supplementary method against IR spectroscopy. Both methods provide
full spectral data on the vibrational spectra of molecules.
The limited number of studies on flavonoids by Raman scattering may be due to its poor
solubility in water and strong fluorescence upon excitation, which regularly obscure weak
Raman spectra [1–3].
There are some reports on the Raman spectrum of quercetin, however, there is no spectral
data on its sulfonic derivatives.
Quercetin and its two sulfonic derivatives, namely QSA (quercetin-5’- sulfonic acid) and
NaQSA (sodium salts of quercetin-5’- sulfonic acid), have been obtained and investigated by
FT-Raman, micro-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy in solid and liquid states.
FT-IR spectra were made by transmission, reflection and ATR techniques (using a diamond
with spectral range 4000–400 cm
–1
and germanium crystal with spectral range 4000–650 cm
–1
,
respectively).
The spectra of sulfonic derivatives of quercetin (apart from the new bands deriving from
sulfonic groups) show a considerable shift of the stretching vibration bands in phenyl and
carbonyl groups in the shortwave direction. The observed effects confirm the existence of strong
intra- and intermolecular bonds. Reflective spectra, contrary to transmission and ATR
techniques, preferentially show unbound groups present in synthesized compounds. Raman
spectra fully confirmed the molecular structure of the studied compounds.
The crystal purity of sulfonate quercetin derivatives obtained by chemical synthesis was
controlled by FTIR chemical mapping.
O
O
OH
OH
O
H
OH
R
OH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1'
2'
3'
6'
5'
4'
A
C
B
Fig. 1. The molecular structure of quercetin (R=H), QSA (R=SO
3
H) and NaQSA (R=SO
3
Na).
Keywords: flavonoids; sulfonic derivative of quercetin; Raman; IR
References
[1] J. P. Cornard, J. C. Merlin, A. C. Boudet, L. Vrielynck, Biospectrosc. 3 (1997) 183.
[2] Z. Jurasekova, A. Torreggiani, M. Tamba, S. Sanchez-Cortes, J.V. Garcia-Ramos, J. Mol. Struct. 918
(2009) 129.
[3] C. Corredor, T. Teslova, M. V. Canamares, Z. Chen, J. Zhang, J. R. Lombardi, M. Leona, Vibr.
Spectrosc. 49 (2009) 190.
XIV
h
International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
152
T1: P–19
Synthesis and properties of solid luteolin-zinc complexes
Anna Kuźniar
1
, Urszula Maciołek
1
, Małgorzata Kosińska
1
, and Lidia Zapała
1
1
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców
Warszawy, Avn. 6, Poland, e-mail: akuzniar@prz.edu.pl
Zinc is the second most common trace element in the human body and plays a major role in
regulating cell metabolism. Changes in its metabolism or dietary zinc deficiency can be responsible
for certain diseases [1].
Complexes of zinc ions with biologically active compounds, among others with flavonoids, draw
attention due to the fact that such combinations may be important in the treatment of Alzheimer's
disease and have interesting antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory,
antiproliferative and anti-cancer properties [2].
The Zn ions are not oxidizing agent for the phenolic groups, but are susceptible to form various
complexes with them acting as a Lewis acid [3].
Several studies on zinc-flavonoids complexes have been published: Zn-morin (3,5,7,2’,4’-
pentahydroxyflavone) [4]; Zn-galangine (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) [5], Zn-quercetin (3,5,7,3’,4’-
pentahydroxyflavone) [5] and Zn-rutin [5, 6]. For these complexes biological activities such as
antidiabetic or cytotoxicity to selected tumor cell lines were confirmed [4–6]. Additional for zinc
complex compounds with galangine, quercetin and rutin it was stated, that metal complexes have
enhanced intensity of fluorescence compared to the parent flavonoid [5]. Simplicity of formation Zn-
flavonoid complexes is also exploited in the extraction of flavonoids from plant material and chemical
analysis [7, 8].
Because of the variety of properties and potential uses, it is therefore justified to search for novel
complex compounds of flavonoids with zinc ions.
In these work, solid complex compound of Zn(II) ions with luteolin (5,7,3’,4’-
tetrahydroxyflavone) were obtained. The synthesis of the complexes was carried out in water-
methanol solution (1:1) using an excess of metal ions with relation to the ligand (cM:cL = 3 : 1, where
cM and cL – molar concentration of metal and ligand, respectively). pH = 7.0 was fixed with 0.10 and
0.01 mole/dm
3
NaOH solutions. The contents of C, H and S in the compound under investigation
were determined using an elemental analyser. The amounts of zinc were found with ICP-OES
method. The gravimetric (drying at 120°C) and derivatographic methods were applied to find the
content of crystallization water in the complex. The obtained molecular formulae of the complex is:
Zn
2
(C
15
H
7
O
6
)(OH)∙4H
2
O. For the characterization of gained compound the UV VIS absorption and
reflectance spectroscopy; infrared (FT-IR) and fluorescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetric
analysis, and solubility (water, ethanol) were studied.
Compounds luteolin with zinc ions may be the subject of further investigation into the potential
biological activity.
Keywords: luteolin; flavonoids; complexes
References
[1] N. Roohani, R. Hurrell, R. Kelishadi, R. Schulin, J. Res. Medical Sci. 18(2) (2013) 144.
[2] A. Tarushi, Z. Karaflou, J. Kljun, I. Turel, G. Psomas, A. N. Papadopoulos, D. P. Kessissoglou, J.
Inorg. Biochem. 128 (2013) 85.
[3] G. L. Nest, O. Caille, M Woudstra., S. Roche, F. Guerlesquin, D. Lexa, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 357 (2004)
775.
[4] V. Sendrayaperumal, S. Iyyam Pillai, S. Subramanian, Chem.-Biol. Interact. 219 (2014) 9.
[5] R.F.V. De Souza, W.F De Giovani, Spectochim. Acta A, 61 (2005) 1985.
[6] N.E.A Ikeda, E.M. Novak, D.A. Maria, A.S. Velosa, R.M.S Pereira, Chem.-Biol. Interact. 239 (2015)
184.
[7] J. Zhang, L. Yue, K. Hayat, S. Xia, X. Zhang, B. Ding, J. Tong, Z. Chen, Sep. Purif. Technol. 71
(2010) 273.
[8] E. Shamsa, A. Babaei, M. Soltaninezhad, Anal. Chim. Acta, 501 (2004) 119.
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