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1) In spite of the materials published in the newspaper which referred to 

the University programs, studying environment, the organization of the faculties 

and the analysis of the students’ social conditions, “Bolshevikuri kadrebisatvis” 

was not relevant to the format of the University newspaper. It still stayed as a 

means of conveying the ideas and decisions of the official authorities. 

2) The newspaper as a “mass organizer and mass propagandist” (this was 

a Leninist formula of media) was used to justify the necessity of political 

repressions. 

3) The fact that “Bolshevikuri kadrebisatvis” is a typical soviet newspaper 

is revealed by the trend that a frequent change of the University  rectors and the 

editors of the newspaper  (6 rectors and 6 editors in the the 1930s) directly in-

fluenced its publishing policy: the newspaper was dedicated to the imple-

mentation of  the decisions of the soviet authorities . In 1933-1936 the 

newspaper paid attention to the preparations connected with the reorganizion 

and improvement of academic environment and adoptiion of the new Consti-

tution of the USSR. In 1936-1937 the newspaper displayed an obviously 

aggressive attitude which was reflected in the articles dedicated to the search of  

the “

,

enemies of people” within the University (in 1938-1939 this trend weak-

ened). We can conclude that, the newspaper reflected the attitude of the editor 

and his/her group towards the political events. 

4) In the news covered by the newspaper one can find  some abusing  

facts regarding personal  interests which was characteristic of that period. 

The above-mentioned materials were earlier studied using the  methods of 

the “soviet journalizm”. We attempted to evaluate the same material according 

to the standards of modern journalizm. 

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saqarTvelos sapensio politika  

da alternatiuli modelebi 

301

jaba urotaZe 

saqarTvelos sapensio politika  

da alternatiuli modelebi 

winamdebare naSromSi ganxilulia qveyanaSi savaldebulo 

dagrovebiTi sapensio sistemis danergvis mizanSewoniloba, ro-

gorc pensionerTa socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaum-

jobesebis optimaluri saSualeba; gamovlenilia moqmed sapen-

sio sistemaSi arsebuli problemebi — maTi aqtualuroba da sim-

wvave, aseve ganxilulia is sirTuleebi, romlis winaSec dadgeba 

qveynis ekonomika im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar moxdeba arsebuli sapen-

sio sistemis reformireba; dasaxulia problemis gadaWris al-

ternatiuli gzebi; warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi SerCeuli 

alternativis gansaxorcieleblad. 

saqarTvelo rTul socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi 

imyofeba. postsocialisturi qveynebisaTvis centralizebuli 

sistemidan sabazro ekonomikisken gardamavali periodi sakmaod 

mtkivneuli gamodga, gansakuTrebiT misi simwvave saqarTveloze 

aisaxa.  

saqarTveloSi erT sul mosaxleze mTliani Sida produqti 

(mSp) Seadgens 3203 aSS dolars,

1

 am mxriv Cven CamovrCebiT mezo-

bel qveynebs: somxeTs (3305) da azerbaijans (6912). yvelaze ganvi-

Tarebuli postsabWoTa qveynis — estoneTis analogiuri maCve-

nebeli CvenTan SedarebiT daaxloebiT 5-jer didia — 16534.  

dRes qveyana cdilobs ekonomikuri reformebis gziT moax-

dinos qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri viTarebis gaumjobeseba. 

saxelmwifos socialur-ekonomikuri politikis erT-erTi mniS-

vnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia qveynis sapensio sistemis ganvi-

1

The World Bank, GDP per capita (current US$), http://data.worldbank.org/indica-

tor/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD (28.05.2013)

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jaba urotaZe 

302

Tareba. efeqtiani sapensio sistemis danergvis gareSe sakmaod 

rTuli iqneba qveynis ekonomikis ganviTareba da moqalaqeTa so-

cialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba. 

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa periodidan moyolebuli moqmedebs 

saxelmwifo sapensio uzrunvelyofis sistema, romlis fargleb-

Sic saxelmwifo biujetidan xorcieldeba mosaxleobis sapensio 

uzrunvelyofa.  

msoflioSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli pensiis miRebis al-

ternatiuli wyaro, roca xdeba sapensio fondebSi dasaqmebulis 

mier Senatanebis ganxorcieleba da sapensio asakis miRwevisas 

dagrovebuli Tanxis pensiis saxiT gacema, rac mniSvnelovnad 

aumjobesebs pensioneris finansur mdgomareobas, radganac is 

ar xdeba damokidebuli mxolod saxelmwifo pensiaze.  

saqarTvelos sapensio sistemis reformis konkretuli gzis 

arCevamde aucilebelia Seswavlil iqnes sazRvargareTis qvey-

nebSi savaldebulo kerZo dagrovebiTi sapensio sistemis fun-

qcionirebis warmatebuli magaliTebi, moxdes maTi dadebiTi da 

uaryofiTi mxareebis analizi, raTa ganxorcieldes reformis 

gatarebis optimaluri gzis SerCeva.  

estoneTis sapensio sistema 

estoneTis sapensio sistema Sedgeba sami safexurisgan: 

I safexuri — saxelmwifo pensia. is uzrunvelyofs pensio-

ners arsebobisTvis aucilebeli minimaluri SemosavliT da 

efuZneba Semosavlebis gadanawilebis princips, romelsac ag-

reTve `TaobaTa solidaroba~ ewodeba, rac gulisxmobs imas, 

rom dRevandeli momuSaveebi ixdian gadasaxadebs dRevandeli 

pensionerebis socialuri uzrunvelyofisTvis. am sistemas ase-

ve ewodeba `PAYGO~ (pay as you go). saxelmwifo pensia gaicema so-

cialuri gadasaxadebidan. damsaqmebeli ixdis dasaqmebulis 

xelfasis 33%-s socialuri gadasaxadis saxiT, aqedan 13% jan-

mrTelobis dazRvevas xmardeba, xolo 20% ki dRevandeli pensi-

onerebis pensiebs.  

arsebobs ori saxis saxelmwifo pensia:  

pirveli gamoiTvleba staJisa da muSaobis manZilze gadax-

dili socialuri gadasaxadis mixedviT. 

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