ekaterine fircxalava
324
ekaterine fircxalava
muslimi mesxebis integracia
saqarTvelosa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi
1944 wlis 15 noembers
samxreT dasavleT saqarTvelodan,
istoriuli mesxeTidan, stalinis brZanebiT gaasaxles mahmadia-
ni mosaxleoba. samcxis 220 soflidan 120 aTasamde adamiani Sek-
ribes da sasaqonle vagonebiT erT dReSi masobrivad gaamgzav-
res centralur aziaSi: yirgizeTSi, yazaxeTsa da uzbekeTSi.
muslimi mesxebi didi xani cxovrobdnen deportaciaSi. sxva-
dasxva dros iyo mcdelobebi repatriaciisa, pirveli talRa me-
20 saukunis 70-iani wlebi iyo. dRemde es procesi aqtualuria
saqarTvelosTvis. deportirebuli mosaxleoba mesxeTidan
sa-
qarTvelos istoriaa da, amdenad, mniSvnelovania repatriaciis
kanonis miRebis Semdeg repatriantebis miRebisa da momavali in-
tegraciis politikis danergvisaTvis.
CemTvis, rogorc fsiqologisTvis, sainteresoa
muslimi
mesxebis,
rogorc
daxuruli
da
tradiciuli
sazogadoebis,
kvleva, romelTac
sxvadasxva periodSi,sxvadasxva teritoria-
ze ganicades axali socialuri garemos gavlena. es cvalebado-
ba rogor aisaxa maTze, rogoria
garemos
cvlilebebis dros
adaptaciis procesi da xelSemwyobi garemoebebi.
kvlevis obieqtebi arian
adamianebi, romlebic sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi
sabWoTa mTavrobisgan Seviwroebulad cxovrobdnen.
nawili, uzbekeTidan gandevnis Semdeg, 20 weli cxovrobda uf-
lebebis
gareSe
ruseTSi,
krasnodaris
mxareSi.
2006
wels
ltolvilis statusiT amerikam misca TavSesafari.
kvleva Catarda karnegis fondis
stipendiis farglebSi
2012 wlis gazafxul-zafxulSi saqarTvelosa da amerikaSi. ame-
rikaSi, pensilvaniis Statis qalaqebSi — lankastersa da fila-
delfiaSi, xolo saqarTveloSi
– axalcixis raionis sofel abas-
muslimi mesxebis integracia
saqarTvelosa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi
325
TumanSi. vinaidan es iyo SedarebiTi kvleva ori gansxvavebuli
garemos gavlenis Sesaxeb, SedarebisTvis kvlevis procesSi res-
pondentebad SerCeuli iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic erTsa da
imave dros, 2005-2006 wlebSi dasaxldnen amerikasa da saqarTve-
loSi.
kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRo 30 muslimma mesxma amerikaSi da
19-ma saqarTveloSi, radganac saqarTveloSi am wlebSi Camosax-
lebuli ojaxebidan darCenilni iyvnen mxolod isini.
kvlevis mizani iyo
gangvexila asimilaciis da separaciis
procesi; ra xelSemwyobi pirobebia orive qveyanaSi integraciis
procesisaTvis, ra programebi aqvs SemuSavebuli saxelmwifos.
kvlevaSi naCvenebia rogor mimdinareobs adaptaciis proce-
si am dasaxlebul adgilebSi, integraciss TvalsazrisiT; ra Se-
icvala am periodSi maT cxovrebaSi, ramdenad endobian isini ga-
remos, ramdenad bednierad grZnoben Tavs, ra aris maTTvis sam-
Soblo da ra Seicvala maTi identifikaciis procesSi.
1. Sesavali
socialuri garemo gavlenas axdens adamianze, mis Tavisebu-
rebebze, wes-Cveulebaze da garkveulwilad cvlis mas. axali ga-
remos
socialur-kulturuli Rirebulebebi
SesaZlebelia
droTa ganmavlobaSi wamyvani gaxdes am adamianisTvis. arsebuli
kvlevebi adasturebs, rom iseT tradiciul sazogadoebaze, ro-
goric mahmadiani mesxebis sazogadoebaa
1
(Pentikäinen, O. and Trier,
T.2004),
miuxedavad maTi tradiciebis da
wlebis ganmavlobaSi
gamjdari wes-Cveulebebisa, SesaZlebelia gansxvavebulma gare-
mom iqonios zegavlena; es zegavlena aisaxos maT yoveldRiur
cxovrebaze da damokidebulebebze.
2
Tumca, aseve cnobilia, rom
cvalebadobas garkveuli dro sWirdeba da cvalebadobac dro-
1
Pentikäinen, O. & Trier, T. (2004). Between Integration and Resettlement: The
Meskhetian Turks. ECMI Working Paper # 21.
2
Koriouchkina, E.(2011). Contingent Ethnicity in State(s) of Change: The Journey of
Meskhetian Turks from the USSR to the Post-Soviet World. A Dissertation Submitted
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
the Department of Anthropology at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island.
ekaterine fircxalava
326
is da im socialuri garemos gavleniT xdeba, sadac es xalxi, es
sazogadoeba cxovrobs.
qarTuli istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT,
repatrirebuli
mahmadiani mesxebis umravlesoba qarTvelia. maT 3 saukune mou-
wiaT otomanTa imperiis batonobis qveS yofna, Sesabamisad,
Se-
icvala maTi yofa, religia da ena.
3
mahmadiani mesxebi (samecniero wyaroebSi xSirad moixsenie-
ba, rogorc Turqi mesxebi) arian mesxeTidan 1944 wels, meore
msoflio omis dros, stalinis mmarTvelobis periodSi depor-
tirebuli muslimi mosaxleoba.
samcxis 220 soflidan 120 aTa-
samde adamiani Sekribes da sasaqonle vagonebiT erT dReSi ma-
sobrivad gaamgzavres centralur aziaSi, sadac wlebia cxovro-
ben deportaciaSi. dRes isini gafantulebi arian: nawili yofi-
li sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze, xolo nawili aSS-is mTavro-
bam, rogorc ltolvilebi, miiRo da krasnodaris mxaridan gada-
vidnen CrdiloeT amerikaSi.
2004-2006 wlebis
mcire erebis sakiTxebis evropuli cen-
tris kvlevis safuZvelze (ECMI) SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mahmadi-
ani mesxebis nawili
tradiciebi
da wes-Cveulebebi Seicvala,
magram nawili SemorCenili aqvT erTnairad yvela qveyanaSi, sa-
dac maT mouwiaT cxovreba, es aris qorwineba Tavisi ritualiT
da dakrZalva
4
(Pentikäinen,O. and Trier, T.2004).
sakiTxis dasma
mecnieruli interesi
musulmani mesxebis integraciis sa-
kiTxisadmi ganapiroba am saozgadoebis daxurulobam. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom 80-ian wlebSi repatrirebuli mahmadiani mesxebi
rogorc ozurgeTSi, aseve samtrediaSi ukve 30 welze metia
3
naTmelaZe, m. (2002) demografiuli procesebi saqarTvelos XX saukun-
is ormocian wlebSi (Demographic Processes in the 1940’s in Geor-
gia).Tbilisi: mecniereba; nozaZe, v. (1989). saqarTvelos aRdgenisTvis
brZola mesxeTis gamo (The Fight for the Revival of Georgia and the Meskhetian
Issue). Tbilisi, Teatris muSakTa kavSiri. Bugai, N. (1994).
-
:
(Turk from Meskheti: a Long Way to
Rehabilitation). Moskva.Ross.
4
Pentikäinen, O. & Trier, T. (2004). Between Integration and Resettlement: The Mes-
khetian Turks. ECMI Working Paper # 21.
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