zviad abaSiZe
18
kacze meti muSaobda, maSin samuSao ena franguli unda yofili-
yo.
11
kvebekel moqalaqeebs mxolod frangulad mouwevdaT ganaT-
lebis miReba, imis miuxedavad, isini mocemul momentSi cxovrob-
dnen Tu ara kvebekis teritoriaze. sxva SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo
uars ambobda ganaTlebis programebis uzrunvelyofaze.
12
mocemulma politikam, imis magivrad, rom liberaluri Tanas-
wori SesaZleblobebis praqtika ganeviTarebina, upiratesoba eT-
nocentristul msoflmxedvelobas da warmomavlobis esencialis-
tur midgomas mianiWa. yovelive amis Sedegad, gaRrmavda sazoga-
doebis axali fragmentacia da stratifikacia ukve ara tradici-
ul profesiul-gildiur, aramed eTnokulturul safuZvelze.
avstraliuri modeli. avstraliac emigrantuli qveyanaa ka-
nadis msgavsad. meore msoflio omamde emigrantTa ZiriTadi naka-
di anglosaqsuri samyarodan moedineboda, xolo meore msoflio
omis Semdeg maTi Semadgenloba Zalzed Seicvala da moicva ukve
ramdenime kulturuli sivrce da, Sesabamisad, emigraciac ukve
kulturulad mravalwevriani gaxda. avstraliam myisieri reaq-
cia moaxdina mocemul realobaze da maSinve daiwyo zrunva
`Tanabari xelmisawvdomobis da Tanasworobis~ praqtikul reali-
zaciaze. mTavari yuradReba daeTmo umciresobebis konstituci-
uri uflebebis garantirebas da aqcenti gansakuTrebiT socia-
lur uflebebze gadavida. avstraliuri multikulturalizmi
ramdenime principiT SeiZleba gamoixatos:
a)
kulturuli identoba
b)
socialuri samarTlianoba
g) ekonomikuri efeqturoba
kulturuli identurobis SenarCuneba da realizacia yvela
moqalaqis uflebadaa gamocxadebuli ise, rom moqalaqes kana-
dis msgavsad windawinve ar miewereba romelime eTnokulturu-
li jgufis wevroba. es ufro arCevanis sakiTxia. meore punqti
gulisxmobda Tanasworobis samarTlebrivad uzrunvelyofas,
romelmac unda aRmofxvras kanis feris, sqesis, konfesiuri
11
ix: Taylor Charles. Multiculturalism: examining the politics of recognition. Ed.A.
Gutman, Princeton, NJ; Princeton University Press, 1994.
12
,
/
.
2001
. 46.
multikulturalizmis perspeqtivebi saqarTveloSi
19
kuTvnilebis da a.S. mixedviT arsebuli socialuri diskrimina-
cia. mesame punqti iTvaliswinebda adamianis niWierebis waxali-
sebas, romelic ukeTesi iqneboda ganxorcielebuliyo, ra Tqma
unda, humanuri midgomis TvalsazrisiT, magram, ukeTesi iqnebo-
da dafuZneboda ekonomikuri sargeblianobis principebsac. ka-
nadisgan gansxvavebiT, avstraliuri multikulturalizmi ga-
cilebiT warmatebuli aRmoCnda. misTvis ucxo iyo kanadismagva-
ri socialuri fragmentacia eTnokulturuli kuTvnilebis
fonze. kanadisgan gansxvavebiT, avstralias ar gaaCnia specia-
luri samarTlebrivi aqti multikulturalizmis Sesaxeb. is ub-
ralod sargeblobs rasizmis da eTnikuri diskriminaciis aR-
mofxvris kanonmdeblobiT. amave dros, avstraliaSi ar arsebobs
multikulturalizmis saqmeTa specialuri uwyeba da mas premi-
er-ministris departamenti ganagebs.
13
emigrantebis socialuri integraciis sakiTxebs erTmaneTSi
inawileben dasaqmebis, ganaTlebis, profesiuli gadamzadebis
departamenti da kidev sxva mravali uwyeba. amave dros, yvela qa-
laqsa Tu municipalitetSi arsebobs specialuri ganyofileba,
romelic msgavs sakiTxebs emsaxureba.
14
imis miuxedavad, rom avstraliuri sazogadoeba toleran-
tizmis maRal dones amJRavnebs dRemde da agresiulobiT namdvi-
lad ar gmoirCeva `ucxoTa~ mimarT, multikulturalizmma mainc
warmoSva problemebi. erTi, rom man Tavidan ver aicila sazoga-
doebis eTnocentruli xedva da, meore, rom xeli Seuwyo eTnoe-
litebis formirebas, romelTac ukve socialur-politikur siv-
rceSi sakuTari gavlenis zrdaze daiwyes zrunva. imis miuxeda-
vad, rom mocemuli eTnoelitebi xSir SemTxvevaSi dainterese-
bulni arian sakuTari eTnokulturuli Temis TviTmyofadobis
SenarCunebiT da maszed mzrunvelobiTac gamoirCevian, realu-
rad xSirad maT mocemuli Tema sakuTari ZalauflebisTvis sWir-
debaT da, rac mTavaria, social-politikur sivrceSi Zalaufle-
bis amgvari eTnokulturuli simbolizacia sazogadoebis eTno-
kulturul safuZvelze diskriminacias uwyobs xels.
15
13
Ibid:
.48-50
14
Ibid:
.48-50
15
Ibid:
.48-50
zviad abaSiZe
20
aSS-is modeli. amerikam, sadac yovelTvis reliefurad Canda
`me~-s da `sxva~-s diqotomia, uari Tqva multikulturalizmis
saxelmwifo politikad gamocxadebaze da emigrantebis socia-
luri integracia maT kerZo saqmed datova, ise rogorc es tra-
diciulad iyo. amis miuxedavad, 80-iani wlebidan, eTnodemogra-
fiuli viTarebis cvlilebis fonze, amerikul sazogadoebaSi ma-
inc SeaRwia multikulturalisturma diskursma. gamalebulma
emigraciam, romelmac moicva aSS, is daayena gamowvevis winaSe,
rom gadaexeda misi tradiciuli politikisaTvis, romelic kul-
turuli mravalferovnebis saqmes exeboda. es gansakuTrebiT
laTinoamerikeli emigrantebis gaZlierebas mohyva, rodesac es-
panuri ena daemuqra inglisurs lingvistur batonobaSi. amito-
mac, mravali amerikeli moazrovne SeaSfoTa aRniSnulma viTare-
bam da saubaric ki daiwyes amerikuli sazogadoebis kvdomaze.
16
imis miuxedavad, rom aSS yovelTvis eTnokulturuli mravalfe-
rovnebiT gamoirCeoda, eri, romelic tradiciulad amerikaSi
gagebuli iyo, rogorc `sadnobi qvabi~ (Melting Pot), cota ar iyos,
ewinaaRmdegeboda multikulturalizmis ideebs. 80-ian wlebSi
eris `sadnob qvabad~ gageba Secvala axalma metaforam, — `eri~,
rogorc `sasalaTe Tasi~ (Salad Bowl). `sasalaTe TasSi~ xom, `sad-
nobi qvabisgan~ gansxvavebiT, misi ingredientebi da komponente-
bi ukeT moCanan da mkafiod gamoxataven ideas: — erTianoba mra-
valferovnebaSi.
17
kanadis da avstraliisgan gansxavebiT, aSS-Si multikultu-
ralizmis ideebi aRmocenda agresiuli feminizmis da sxva msgav-
si tipis moZraobebidan, romelnic miznad isaxavdnen batonobis
tradiciuli urTierTobebis fundamentur cvlilebebs. amis
gamo iyo, rom amerikuli multikulturalizmi gacilebiT meti
agresiulobiT gamoirCeoda, vidre es kanadis da avstraliis
SemTxvevaSi iyo. multikulturalistebis mTavari samizne soci-
aluri gariyulobis tradiciuli meqanizmebis cvlileba iyo.
multikulturalizmi gansakuTrebiT saganmanaTleblo sis-
temas Seexo. 80-iani wlebis bolos bevr amerikul universitetSi
16
ix. A. Schlezinger Jr. The Diuniting of America: Reflexions on a Multicultural So-
ciety. Knoxvill, Ten., Whittle Books, 1991.
17
Ibid:
. 51-52.
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