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3.2. Typology of parts of speech in English and Native
Languages
A part of speech is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items)
which have similar grammatical properties. Words that are assigned to the same
part of speech generally display similar behavior in terms of syntax—they play
similar roles within the grammatical structure of sentences—and sometimes in
terms
of morphology, in that they undergo inflection for similar properties.In
grammar, a
part of speech
(also
called
lexical categories, grammatical
categories or word classes
) is a linguistic category of words.
According to their meaning, morphological characteristics and syntactical
functions, words fall under certain classes called parts of speech.
We distinguish
between notional and structural parts of speech in English.
The notional parts of speech perform certain functions in the sentence. The
notional parts of speech are:
1. noun
2. adjective
3.
pronoun
4. numeral
5. verb
6. adverb
7. words of the category of state
8. modal words
9. interjection
The structural parts of speech either express
relations between words or
sentences or emphasize the meaning of words or sentences. They never perform
any independent function in the sentence. Here belong:
1. preposition
2. conjunction
3. particle
4. article
