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Classification of parts of speech in Uzbek is almost the same as in Russian.
It also classified according to three main features
of words such as semantic,
morphological and syntactic characteristics.
Currently, in modern Uzbek, there are 12 parts
of speech and they are
subdivided into primary, secondary and interjections.
Primary parts of speech are:
1. Noun
2. Adjective
3. Numeral
4. Pronoun
5. Verb
6. Adverb.
Secondary (bound) parts of speech are:
1. Postposition
2. Conjunction
3. Particle
Interjections are:
1.
Modal words
2.
Interjection
3.
Onomatopoeia (Imitative words).
Main characteristics of primary parts of speech are they have lexical and
grammatical meaning and can be expressed as any part of the sentence. While
secondary parts of speech do not have such features
like expressing lexical
meaning, they do not have morphological changing and forming system and cannot
express as a part of a sentence. They serve for connecting the sentences, expressing
additional
meaning for them, depending on words to each. Modal words,
exclamations, and imitative words are unlike primary
and secondary parts of
speech in their functions.
As it is seen from the lists there is no article and the words of the category of
state in Russian and Uzbek, no modal words in Russian. Functions of prepositions
and postposition of the compared languages can be
considered similar to each
other with different naming.
Moreover, the singular form of English, Russian
and Uzbek nouns is zero
morpheme, We add suffix in all three languages in order to make aplural form, The
adjectives in both languages have the category of degree. These features can be
observed in all compared languages. At the same
time we also can see some
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distinctive features of parts of speech in these languages like in English have root
exchange in formation plural form: woman – women, tooth – teeth, in English also
have root exchange in forming degrees (or irregular adjectives) of adjectives: Good
– Better – the best, in Uzbek we have suffix –лар which means respect for adults:
онамлар and so on.
It should be noted that classification of parts
of speech is considered as
problematic in all compared languages. Therefore, there are different approaches in
classifying them into the groups.
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