Nerve agents ga (Tabum)

C F

-30 -22

-20 -4

-10 14

0 32

10 50

20 68

30 86

40 104

50 122

55 131

VX

• Physical state: Amber colored, oily

• Odor: None

• Boiling point: 298° at 760 mm HG

• Freezing point: -39 °C

• Flash point: 159°C

• Heat of vaporization: 78.2 cal/g

• Volatility: 10.5 mg/m³ at 25°C

• Decomposition temp: Half life-36hrs@150°C 1.6hours@200°C

• 4min@250°C

• 36sec@295°C

• Stability in storage: Relatively stable

• Molecular weight: 267.38

VX

• Means of detection in the field:

• - M18A2, M256A1 and M8A1 alarms

• - M8 and M9 paper

• Protection required: MOPP 4

• - Clothing gives off G-agents for approximately 30 minutes after contact with

• vapor

• Decontamination:

• - Flush eyes with vapor immediately

• - Use M258A1, M258 or M291 skin decontaminating kit for liquid agent

• - Decontaminate individual equipment with M280 individual equipment decontamination kit

Vҳ

• Nerve Agent

• Primary Usage: Quick-action casualty agent

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract, but can also enter through skin and digestive track

• Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, drooling, nausea, vomiting, cramps,. Involuntary defecation and urination, twitching, jerking, staggering, headache, confusion, drowsiness, coma, convulsions, death

• Treatment: Use of nerve agent antidote (atropine and 2-PAM chloride); pretreatment with pyridostigmine bromide (PB) increase survivability when antidote is used after exposure to nerve agent

Vҳ

• Rate of detoxification: Low, essentially cumulative

• Eye toxicity: Extremely toxic

• Skin toxicity: Extremely toxic by skin absorption

• does not injure skin but rapidly

• penetrates

• Time to effect: Rapid

Vҳ

• Physical state: Amber colored, oily liquid

• Odor: None

• Boiling point: 256° at 760 mm HG

• Heat of vaporization: 67.2 cal/g

• Volatility: 75.5 mg/m³ at 25°C

• Molecular weight: 211.2

VX

• Means of detection in the field:

• - M18A2, M256A1 and M8A1 alarms

• - M8 and M9 paper

• Protection required: MOPP 4

• - Clothing gives off G-agents for approximately 30 minutes after contact with

• vapor

• Decontamination:

• - Flush eyes with vapor immediately

• - Use M258A1, M258 or M291 skin decontaminating kit for liquid agent

• - Decontaminate individual equipment with M280 individual equipment decontamination kit

• BLISTER AGENTS

• (VESICANTS)

H (Sulfur Mustard)

• Blister agent

• Primary usage: Delayed-action casualty agent

• Enters body primarily through skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. H damages any tissue it contacts: severity directly relates to the concentration of the agent and the duration of contact with skin

• Symptoms: Inflammation of the eyes, inflammation of the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, and lung tissue; redness of the skin, blister or ulceration; more "at ease" attitude, vomitting; and fever, beginning about same time as skin reddening

H (Sulfur Mustard)

• Eye injury (ECt50) 100-200mg-min/m³

• Respiratory lCt50 : 200mg-min/m³

• 4-6 hours to effect

• Respiratory LCt50 : 1500mg-min/m³

• 4-24 hours to effect

• COOL/DRY SUBJECT

• Percutaneous lCt50: 10,000mg-min/m

• Percutaneous LCt50: 10,000mg-min/m³

• HOT/WET SUBJECT

• Percutaneous lCt50: 150 mg-min/m³

• Percutaneous LCt50: 10,000 mg-min/m³

• Rate of detoxification Very low; even very small, repeated exposures oh HD are cumulative in their effect

H (Sulfur Mustard)

• Physical state: Oily, colorless to amber liquid

• Odor: Garlic or horseradish smell

• Boiling point: 227.8° at 760 mm HG

• Freezing point: 14.45 °C

• Flash point: 105°C

• Heat of vaporization: 94 cal/g

• Volatility: 610 mg/m³ at 25°C

• Decomposition temp: 149°C to 177°C

• Stability in storage: Stable in steel or aluminum cont.

• Molecular weight: 159.08

H (Sulfur Mustard)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - M18A2, M256A1 and M8A1 alarms

•