Nerve agents ga (Tabum)

Molecular weight: 27.03

Heat of vaporization 2332 cal/g

CK (Cyanogen Chloride)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - M18A2, M256, M256A1, and M8 Alarms

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask. CK will break or penetrate a protective mask canister or filter element more readily than most other agents.

• Decontamination:

• - None required under field conditions

• Persistency

• -Short; the agent is highly volatile, and in the gaseous state it dissipates quickly in the air

• Antidotes/Treatments

• -Thiosulfate or other substances that react with the blood may be of some use, but only if administered very soon after exposure

INCAPACITATING AGENTS

• INCAPACITATING AGENTS

BZ

• Incapacitating agent

• Primary usage: Delayed-action incapacitating agent

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract or digestive tract

• Symptoms: Fast heartbeat, drk skin and lips, blurred near vision, flushed skin, urinary retention, constipation, sedation progression to stupor and interference with ordinary activity, extreme excitement, delusions, hallucinations, high doses completely destroy the ability to perform any military task, untreated casualty requires from three to four days to reach full recovery

BZ

• LCt50: High estimated to be 200,000mg- min/m³

• lCt50: 112mg-min/m³

• Inhalation threshold dose: 2mg-min/m³ individual

• Rate of detoxification: 36-45 hours

• Time to effect: Delayed; usual onset of symptoms occur approximately two hours after aerosol exposure. Depending on inhaled or ingested dosage, symptoms, may appear at any time from 30 minutes to 20 hours after exposure, effects from skin contact may appear 36 hours later

BZ

• Physical state: White, crystalline solid 20 °C

• Odor: None

• Boiling point: 320°C at 760 mm HG

• Melting point: 164-167°C

• Volatility: 1,080,000mg/m³ at 25°C, 441,000mg/m³ at 0 °C, 37,500mg/m³ at -40 °C

• Flash point: 18 °C

• Decomposition temp: 170 ° C

• Stability in storage: Stable in most materials

• Molecular weight: 337.41

• Heat of vaporization 62 cal/g

BZ

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask.

• Decontamination:

• -Complete cleansing of the skin with soap and water at earliest opportunity

• -If washing is not possible, use the M258A1, M258, or M291

• -Decontaminate bulk quantities of BZ with caustic alcohol solutions

TEAR AGENTS

• TEAR AGENTS

Bromobenzylcyanide (CA)

• Tear agent

• Primary usage: obsolete

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Burning sensation of the mucous membranes and severe irritation and tearing of the eyes with acute pain in the forehead

Bromobenzylcyanide (CA)

• LCt50: Estimated 8,000 to 11, 2mg- min/m³

• lCt50: About 30mg-min/m³

• Minimum irritant concentration: 0.3mg-min/m³

• Rate of detoxification: Rapidly detoxifies at the low concentrations ordinarily encountered

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Instantaneous

Bromobenzylcyanide (CA)

• Physical state: Yellow solid or liquid

• Odor: Sour or rotting fruit

• Boiling point: 242°C at 760 mm HG

• Melting point: 25.2°C

• Volatility: 17mg/m³ at 0°C, 115mg/m³ at 20°C

• 271mg/m³ at -40 °C

• Flash point: None

• Decomposition temp: 60 ° C

• Stability in storage: Stable in glass containers

• Molecular weight: 196.0

• Heat of vaporization 79.5 cal/g

Bromobenzylcyanide (CA)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask.

• Decontamination:

• -Decontaminate clothing with steam or by boiling

• -Twenty-percent alcoholic caustic soda is effective on material, but may damage it

• -Porous surfaces, such as earth, they are very difficult to decontaminate

• Persistency

• -Depends on munitions used

• -Heavily splashed liquid last one to two day under average conditions

Chloroactophenone (CN)

• Tear agent

• Primary usage: Training and riot control

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Burning sensation of the eyes and upper respiratory passages, tearing, tingling sensation, irritation, burning, and pain of the nose and throat, burning on tender areas of skin especially areas wet by perspiration

Chloroactophenone (CN)

• LCt50: 7,000mg-min/m³

• lCt50: 80mg-min/m³

• Minimum irritant concentration: 0.3mg-min/m³

• Rate of detoxification: Rapidly effects disapper in minutes

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Instantaneous

Chloroactophenone (CN)

• Physical state: Solid powder

• Odor: Fragrant similar to apples

• Boiling point: 248°C at 760 mm HG

• Melting point: 54°C

• Volatility: 17mg/m³ at 0°C, 115mg/m³ at 20°C

• 271mg/m³ at -40 °C

• Flash point: None

• Decomposition temp: Stoable to boiling point

• Stability in storage: Stable

• Molecular weight: 154.59

• Heat of vaporization 98 cal/g

Chloroactophenone (CN)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask.

• Decontamination:

• -Aeration in field

• -Strong soda ash solution or alcoholic caustic soda in enclosed areas

• -Porous surfaces, such as earth, they are very difficult to decontaminate

• Persistency

• -Short, because the compound is disseminated as an aerosol

O-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS)

• Tear agent

• Primary usage: obsolete

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Extreme burning of the eyes accompanied by copious flow of tears, coughing, difficulty in breathing, tightness of the chest, involuntary closing of the eyes, stinging or burning on moist skin, heavy mucous formation in the nose with sinus and nasal drip, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, severe skin irritation and blistering

O-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS)

• LCt50: 61,000 mg-min/m³

• lCt50: 10 to 20 mg-min/m³

• Eye Effects: 1 to 5 mg-min/m³

• Rate of detoxification: quite rapid; 5-10 minutes

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Very rapid (max effect in 20-60 seconds)

O-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS)

• Physical state: Solid, powder or liquid

• Odor: Pungent, pepper like

• Boiling point: 315°C at 760 mm HG

• Melting point: 95°C

• Volatility: 0.71mg/m³ at 0°C

• Flash point: 197° C

• Decomposition temp: Unknown

• Stability in storage: Stable

• Molecular weight: 188.50

• Heat of vaporization 53.6 cal/g

O-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask. and field clothing secured at the neck, wrist and ankles

• Decontamination:

• -Affected personnel should move to an uncontaminated area and face the wind

• -Use soap and water on contaminated equipment

• Persistency

• -Varies depending upon amount of contamination and form of CS

• -Aerosol has little residual hazard

Chloropictrin (PS)

• Tear agent

• Primary usage: Not authorized for military use

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Nose and throat irritation, coughing, vomiting; tearing; lung damage, severe skin burns, blisters lesions

Chloropictrin (PS)

• lCt50: 2,000mg-min/m³

• Minimum irritant concentration: 9mg-min/m³ for ten min.

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Very rapid

Chloropictrin (PS)

• Physical state: Colorless, oily liquid

• Odor: Stinging pungent odor

• Boiling point: 112°C at 760 mm HG

• Melting point: 25.2°C

• Volatility: 165,000mg/m³

• Flash point: Not flammable

• Decomposition temp: Above 400 ° C

• Stability in storage: Unstable liquid

• Molecular weight: 196.0

• Heat of vaporization 79.5 cal/g

Chloropictrin (PS)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask.

• Decontamination:

• -Neutral or slightly basic solutions with sulfides such as sodium sulfide

• -Do not use acidic solutions for decontamination; acids reduce PS or CX, a blister agent

• Persistency

• -Approximately 6 hours in vegetated fields

Dibenz-(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine(CR)

• Tear agent

• Primary usage: Riot control agent dispersed as spray

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Immediate and sever stinging of the sin, eyes, nose, and throat, eye pain, discomfort, and excessive tearing, painful sensitivity, to strong light or temporary blindness, nasal irritation , coughing, sneezing, nasal drip, sting or burning sensation with increased irritation on moist skin, nausea and vomiting

Dibenz-(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine(CR)

• lCt50: 0.5mg-min/m³

• Threshold effects: 0.002mg-min/m³ (respiratory tract)

• 0.004mg-min/m³ (eyes)

• Rate of detoxification: 15 to 30 minutes after removal

• Eye effects up to 6 hours

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Very rapid

Dibenz-(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine(CR)

• Physical state: Yellow powder in solution

• Odor: Burning sensation

• Boiling point: 335°C at 760 mm HG

• Freezing point: 72°C

• Volatility: 0.63mg/m³ at 0°C,

• Flash point: 188° C

• Decomposition temp: 60 ° C

• Stability in storage: Stable in aqueous, heated acidid and strong alkali solutions

• Molecular weight: 192.25

Dibenz-(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine(CR)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask. and field clothing secured at wrist, neck, and ankles

• Decontamination:

• -Remove from equipment by wiping, shoveling, or sweeping

• -Do not us standard decontaminants that contain chlorine, CR may become more potent

• -Aeration is sufficient to decontaminate personnel, dissipation occur in 5-10 minutes

• Persistency

• -Under suitable conditions, CR can persist on certain surfaces (especially porous material) for up to 60 days

• VOMITING AGENTS

Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)

• Vomiting agent

• Primary usage: Not authorized for military use

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Irritation of eyes and the mucous membranes; viscous discharge from the nose similar to that caused by a cold, sneezing and coughing; severe headache, acute pain and tightness in the chest; nausea and vomiting

• Effect last for 30 minutes after person leaves contaminated atmosphere

• At high concentrations effects may last up to several hours

Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)

• LCt50: 15,000mg-min/m³

• lCt50: 12mg-min/m³

• Rate of detoxification: One to two hours

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Rapid, with one-three minutes

Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)

• Physical state: Colorless crystals when pure

• Odor: No odor

• Boiling point: 333°C at 760 mm HG

• Melting point: 44.5°C

• Volatility: 45mg/m³ at 45°C

• Flash point: 350°C

• Decomposition temp: 300° C

• Stability in storage: Stable when pure

• Molecular weight: 264.5

• Heat of vaporization 56.6 cal/g

Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask.

• Decontamination:

• -None required in field

• -Caustic soda or chlorina used for gross contamination in enclosed spaces

• Persistency

• -Short, because compound is disseminated as an aerosol

• -Heavily splashed liquid last one to two day under average conditions

Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC)

• Vomiting agent

• Primary usage: Not authorized for military use

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Irritation of eyes and the mucous membranes; viscous discharge from the nose similar to that caused by a cold, sneezing and coughing; severe headache, acute pain and tightness in the chest; nausea and vomiting

• Effect last for 30 minutes after person leaves contaminated atmosphere

• At high concentrations effects may last up to several hours

Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC)

• LCt50: 10,000mg-min/m³

• lCt50: 30mg-min/m³

• Rate of detoxification: One to two hours

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Rapid, intolerable at 30 secs.

Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC)

• Physical state: Solid

• Odor: Garlic and bitter almond smell

• Boiling point: 350°C at 760 mm HG

• Melting point: 35°C

• Volatility: 2.8mg/m³ at 45°C

• Flash point: Low

• Decomposition temp: 300° C

• Stability in storage: Stable at all ordinary temp.

• Molecular weight: 255.0

• Heat of vaporization 71.1 cal/g

Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask.

• Decontamination:

• -None required in field

• -Bleach or DS2 for gross contamination in enclosed spaces

• Persistency

• -Short, because compound is disseminated as an aerosol

Adamsite (DM)

• Vomiting agent

• Primary usage: Not authorized for military use

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Irritation of eyes and the mucous membranes; viscous discharge from the nose similar to that caused by a cold, sneezing and coughing; severe headache, acute pain and tightness in the chest; nausea and vomiting

• Effect last for 30 minutes after person leaves contaminated atmosphere

• At high concentrations effects may last up to several hours

Adamsite (DM)

• LCt50: 11,000mg-min/m³

• lCt50: 22-150mg-min/m³

• Rate of detoxification: Rapid in small amounts

• Eye and skin toxicity: Irritating; not toxic

• Time to effect: Rapid, one minute to incapacitate

Adamsite (DM)

• Physical state: Light yellow to green crystal

• Odor: No odor, but irritating

• Boiling point: 410°C at 760 mm HG

• Freezing point: 195°C

• Volatility: Negligible

• Flash point: None under usual conditions

• Decomposition temp: 300° C

• Stability in storage: Stable when pure

• Molecular weight: 277.57

• Heat of vaporization 56.6 cal/g

Adamsite (DM)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - None.

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask.

• Decontamination:

• -None required in field

• -Bleaching powder or DS2 used for gross contamination in enclosed spaces

• Persistency

• -Short, because compound is disseminated as an aerosol