Nerve agents ga (Tabum)

Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

Symptoms: Headache; uneasiness; chills; nausea; vomiting; damages blood, causing anemia

SA is a carcinogen

Arsine (SA)

• lCt50: 2,500 mg-min/m³

• Effects are delayed from 2 hours as to much as 11 days

• LCt50: 5,000 mg-min/m³

• Estimated that 2mg of SA per kilogram of body weight would be lethal to humans

• Detoxification Rate: Not rapid enough to be of importance

Arsine (SA)

• Physical state: Colorless gas

• Odor: Mild, garlic like

• Boiling point: -62.5°C at 760 mm HG

• Freezing point: -116°

• Volatility: 20,900,000mg/m³ at 0°C, highest volatility found amongst compounds considered for tactical use as c chemical agents

• Decomposition temp: 280°C

• Stability in storage: Unstable in uncoated metal containers

• Molecular weight: 77.93

Arsine (SA)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - M18A2, Odor

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask

• Decontamination:

• - Not required

• Persistency

• -Extremely short

BLOOD AGENTS

• BLOOD AGENTS

AC (Hydrogen Cyanide)

• Primary usage: Quick action casualty agent suitable for surprise attack

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Flushed skin, weakness, headaches, nausea, confusion, dizziness, unconsciousness, convulsions, violent contraction of blood vessels, severe shock, end to breathing

AC (Hydrogen Cyanide)

• Vapor LCt50: 2,500 mg-min/m³

• Respiratory LCt50: 5,000 mg-min/m³

• 30 seconds to 15 minutes till effect

• Detoxification Rate: Low essentially cumulative

AC (Hydrogen Cyanide)

• (U) Agent is widely available; can be readily synthesized in large quantities and is commercially available (some states use AC for capitol punishment)

• (U) Fixed munitions should not be stored for period of time since an explosive polymer may form within the canister

AC (Hydrogen Cyanide)

• Physical state: Colorless liquid;evaporates quickly

• Odor: Bitter almonds or peach kernels

• Boiling point: 25.7°C at 760 mm HG

• Freezing point: -13.3°

• Volatility: 1,080,000mg/m³ at 25°C, 441,000mg/m³ at 0 °C, 37,500mg/m³ at -40 °C

• Decomposition temp: Above 65.5°C

• Stability in storage: Unstable except when very pure, forms explosive polymer on long standing, will stabilize with addition of small amounts of phosphoric acid or sulfur dioxide

• Molecular weight: 27.03

• Heat of vaporization 2332 cal/g

AC (Hydrogen Cyanide)

• Means of detection in the field:

• - M18A2, M256, M256A1, and M8 Alarms

• Protection required:

• -Protective mask. Liquid AC can penetrate the skin, but because liquid AC is not likely to be encountered in the field, protective clothing is required only in unusual situations

• Decontamination:

• - None required under field conditions

• Persistency

• -Short; the agent is highly volatile, and in the gaseous state it dissipates quickly in the air

• Antidotes/Treatments

• -Thiosulfate or other substances that react with the blood may be of some use, but only if administered very soon after exposure

CK (Cyanogen Chloride)

• Primary usage: Quick action casualty agent used for degradation of canisters or filter elements in protective mask

• Enters body primarily through respiratory tract

• Symptoms: Eye and respiratory irritation, weakness, headache, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, pinkness of skin, loss of consciousness, coma,end of respiration, and death in 15 minutes

CK (Cyanogen Chloride)

• Median concentration

• detectable by tearing: 12 mg/m³

• Respiratory lCt50: 7,000 mg-min/m³

• 30 minutes toe 1 hour to effect

• Respiratory LCt50: 11,00 mg-min/m³

• 1-15 minutes till effect

• Detoxification Rate: Rapid

CK (Cyanogen Chloride)

• Physical state: Colorless liquid;evaporates quickly

• Odor: None

• Boiling point: 25.7°C at 760 mm HG

• Freezing point: -13.3°C

• Volatility: 1,080,000mg/m³ at 25°C, 441,000mg/m³ at 0 °C, 37,500mg/m³ at -40 °C

• Flash point: 18 °C

• Decomposition temp: Above 65.5°C

• Stability in storage: Stable at 65 °C for 30 days. Stabilized material can be stored up to 65°C. Will polymerize to form the solid cyanuric chloride which is corrosive. Impurities promotes polymerization; may explode

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