s i o g ra m m a s ig a asoslangan h o id a turli shaklda tashkil qilinadi
va m u a y y a n reja, m a q s a d n i ro 'y o b g a c h iq a rish u c h u n liar
xil v a z iy a t la r d a a m a lg a oshiriladi.
M e h n a t m a is h iy va ish lab c h iq a r ish tu rlariga ajra tilg an
h o ld a i m k o n iy a tg a , layoqatga, qobiliyatga, salohiyatga q arab
t a q s i m la n a d i . S h u n in g u c h u n m e h n a t faoliyatining s o d d a
k o ‘r i n i s h l a r i ilk b o l a li k d a n a m a lg a osh irilad i. M a s a la n ,
d a s t y o r l i k , k o ‘m a k la s h is h h o la tla ri s h u l a r j u m la s id a n d ir .
K e y i n c h a l i k m e h n a t fa o liy a ti y a x lit ta sh k il q i l in a d i va
m u a y y a n m a q s a d a m a lg a o sh irila d i, u n in g natijasi m o d d i y
k o ‘rin is h g a ega b o l a d i .
M e h n a t t u r l a r i m a i s h i y . is h l a b c h i q a r i s h s o h a l a r i
m o h i y a t i d a n kelib c h i q q a n h o ld a p a y d o b o l a d i va ijtim oiy
t a la b , e h t i y o j n i q o n d ir i s h u c h u n x iz m a t qiladi. M e h n a t
f a o liy a ti sh a x sn i ( m a o s h , m a q t o v ) hilan ra g 'b a t l a n t i r a d i
v a k a s b i y s h a k l l a n i s h i n i n g y a n g i q i r r a l a r i n i r o ' y o b g a
c h iq a r i s h g a z a m in hozirlaydi. N a tijad a qobiliyatii, salohiyatli
m u t a x a s s i s , m a h o r a t l i n o v a t o r k asb egasi b o s q i c h l a r ig a
e r is h i s h g a shaxsni sa f a rb a r etad i. M e h n a t faoliyati kishida
h u z u r l a n i s h h issini s h a k l l a n t i r a d i , b u t u n i m k o n i y a t i n i
ishga tu s h i r i s h g a m o d d iy , m a ’n aviy negiz yaratadi.
f
Tekshirish uchun savollar
1. S i z f a o l i y a t d e g a n d a n i m a n i t u s h u n a s i z ?
2. F a o l i y a t q a n d a y t u z i l i s h g a e g a ?
3. F a o l i y a t n i n g q a n d a y t u r l a r i m a v j u d ?
4 . S i z k o ‘n i k n i a d e g a n d a n i m a n i t a s a v v u r q il a s i z ?
5. M a l a k a g a t a ' r i f b e r i n g .
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I k k in c h i b o ‘lim
S H A X S
V b o b
S H A X S T O ‘G ‘R I S I D A U M U M I Y
T U S H U N C H A
S h a x s nima?
P sixologiya fanida i n s o n z o tig a xoslik, y a ’ni in d iv id
m asala si (l o t i n c h a
individ — ajralmas, alohida zo t
d c g a n
m a ’n o n i a n g l a t a d i ) s h a x s , i n d i v i d u a l l i k ( y a k k a h o l l i k )
t u s h u n c h a l a r i orqali aks e tti r il a d i . K a tta y o s h d a g i r u h i y
s o g 'l o m (e s -h u sh i jo y id a ) o d a m l a r h a m , c h a q a l o q h a m ,
n u tq i y o ‘q , o d d iy m a l a k a la r n i o ‘zlasfhtira o l m a y d i g a n aqli
za iflar h a m individ h is o b l a n a d i. Biroq b u l a r d a n b i r i n c h i -
sin ig in a shaxs d e b atash a n ' a n a tusiga kirib q o l g a n , c h u n k i
o ‘s h a z o t g i n a ijtím oiy m a v j u d o t , ijtim o iy m u n o s a b a t l a r
m a h s u l i , ijtim oiy t a r a q q i y o t n i n g faol q a t n a s h c h i s i b o l a
oladi. Individ sifatida y o ru g ' d u n y o g a kelgan o d a m i j ti m o i y
m u h i t t a ’s ir i d a k e y i n c h a l i k s h a x s g a a y l a n a d i , s h u n i n g
u c h u n bu ja r a y o n ijtim o iy -ta rix iy xususiyatga e g a d ir . llk
bolalik c h o g 'id a n o q individ m u a y y a n ijtimoiy m u n o s a b a t l a r
tizim i d o i ra s id a boMadi, b u n d a y s h a x sla ra ro m u n o s a b a t l a r
tarzi tarixiy sh ak llan g a n b o l i b , u y o s h lig id a n o q s h u t a y y o r
( a j d o d l a r y a r a t g a n ) i j t i m o i y m u n o s a b a t , m u o m a l a ,
m u l o q o t tizim i bilan t a n i s h a b o r a d i. Ijtim o iy q u r s h o v ( o ila
a ’z olari, m a h a lla ahli, j a m o a t c h i l i k , ishlab c h i q a r i s h j a -
m o a s i), ijtim oiy g u ru h i c h i d a (k is h ila r o g ‘u s h id a , u l a r n i n g
q a lb t o ‘rid a) o d a m n i n g b l i n d a n keyingi riv o jla n ish i u n í
sh a x s sifa tid a s h a k lla n is h ig a , u n i n g ongi va i r o d a s i n i n g
x ususiyatlariga m u tla q o b o g ‘liq b o l m a g a n h a r xil x u s u -
siyatli m u n o s a b a t l a r m a j m u a s i n i v u ju d g a keltiradi.
^ 7 J a h o n psixologiyasi f a n id a o n d a - s o n d a b o ‘lsa-da , a n i m o
u c h r a b tu ra d ig a n shaxsni ijtim o iy m u h i tn i n g su s t m a h s u l i
d c b tu s h u n t ir is h va u n d a fa o llik n i i n k o r etish o ‘t a b a h s l i
m a s a l a d ir . S luini a l o h i d a t a 'k i d l a s h l o z im k i, s h a x s n i n g
5 Psixologiya
65
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i j ti m o i y tajribani o ‘z l a s n ti r i s h ja ra y o n i o d a m n i n g o 'z i c h a
a m a lg a oshirayotgan faoliyatiga va uning bilan q a n d a y m aqsad
k o 'z la y o tg a n i g a n i s b a t a n m u n o s a b a t i n i aks e ttiru v c h i ruhiy
d u n y o s i orq a li n a m o y o n b o ‘ladi. O d a td a , faollik shaxsga
x o s x u lq -a tv o r, fa o liy a t, m u o m a l a m o tivlarida, y o l l- y o ‘riq-
l a r d a , a m a liy k o ln i k m a l a r i d a k o ‘zga ta s h la n a d i. B o sh q a c h a
a y t g a n d a , fa o llik s h a x s n i n g a t r o f - m u h i t d a g i v o q e l i k n i
e g a lla s h g a intilgan s a 'y - h a r a k a t l a r d a vujudga keladi. S h a x s
n i n g faolligi o ‘z istiqboli u c h u n y o ‘l-yo*riq t a n l a s h d a , uni
o 'z la s h ti r i s h d a , h a y o t d a o ‘z mavqeyi va o ‘rn in i to p i s h d a
g av d a la n a d i.
B ir xil tu rm u s h s h a r o itla r i shaxs faolligining turli shakl-
l a r i n i y aratish h a m d a h a r xil h ayotiy v a z iy a tn i v u ju d g a
k e l t i r i s h i m k o n i y a t i g a e g a . H a y o t d a b i r o n - b i r t a n b e h
b e r i s h n i n g o kzi k i m d a d i r ru h iy hisni u y g 'o ts a , b o s h q a bi-
r o v n i n g sirtiga h a m y u q m a y d i. S h u n d a y qilib „ s h a x s “ deg a n
t u s h u n c h a , o d a m g a t a ' s i r qilu v ch i b a r c h a ta s h q i q o ' z -
g 'a t u v c h i l a r ijtim oiy s h a r t- s h a r o i tl a r g a , fa o liy a tn in g ichki
t a r b i y a v i y q ism la ri ( t o m o n l a r i , j i h a t la r i , j a b h a l a r i , ta r-
k ib la ri), tuzilishi, yig*indisi bilan boyitilishi evaziga hosil
b o 'l a d i .
y S h a x s n in g e n g m u h i m xususiyatli j i h a t la r i d a n biri —
b u u n i n g individualligi, y a ’ni yakkaholligidir. Individuallik
d e g a n d a , i n s o n n in g s h a x s i y psixologik x u s u siy a tla rin in g
b e t a k r o r b i r i k m a s i t u s h u n i l a d i . In d iv id u a llik * ta r k i b i g a
x a r a k t e r , t e m p e r a m e n t , psixik ja ra y o n la r, h o la tla r, h o d i-
s a la r , h u k m r o n x u s u s i y a t l a r yig‘indisi, iro d a , fa oliyatlar
m o tiv la r i, inson m a s la g i, d u n y o q a r a s h i, iq tid o ri, h a r xrl
s h a k ld a g i reaksiyalar, qobiliy a tla ri va s h u k a b ila r kiradif
P sixik x u susiyatlar b i r i k m a s i n i a y n a n o 'x s h a s h t a r z d a aks
e t t i r u v c h i inson m a v j u d e m a s . M asa la n , y a q in o d a m d a n
ayrilg a n lig i, q a y g ‘u - a l a m , u n in g bilan birga esa h a y o td a
t i k l a b b o l m a y d i g a n , a m m o b o s h q a l a r î a ta k r o r la n u v c h i
fa z ila tla rn i m u r a k k a b v o q e lik n in g m a n g u lik k a y o ‘nalishi
b il a n iz o h la sh m u m k i n . S haxs o ‘zin in g q a d r - q i m m a t i va
n u q s o n l a r i bilan i jtim o iy t u r m u s h d a faol ishtirok qilishi,
t a ’lim va tarbiya y o r d a m i d a yuzaga kelgan o ‘zin in g kuchli va
k u c h s i z jih a tla ri b ila n y a q q o l, b e ta k r o r oliy zotdir.
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