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Ehtiyoj t o ‘g ‘risida tushuncha
Ehtiyojlar faollikning m anbayi sifatida
Borlicj t o ‘g ‘risida psixologik n u q ta y i n a z a r d a n m u lo h a z a
y u ritilg a n d a , tirik m a v ju d o tla rn in g ( o d d i y tu z ilishda gisida n
to m u r a k k a b i g a c h a ) t e v a r a k - a tr o f b i la n h a y o t i y a h a m iy a tg a
cga b o l g a n , turli xususiyatli b o g l a n i s h l a m i ta 'm i n l a b tu-
ruvchi faoliyati (qaysi d araja, qaysi s h a k lid a lig id a n q a t ’i
nazar) u la rn in g barchasi u c h u n u m u m i y b o ‘lgan xususiyat
hisoblanadi. U larn in g faolligi tufayli m u r a k k a b tuzilishdagi
faoliyat yuza g a kelib (onglilikning m a h s u l i sifatida), turli-
t u m a n m ohiyatli, h a r xil ko'r in ish d ag i eh tiyojla r (ularning
toifalarga a l o q a d o r lig i, kelib c h i q is h i j i h a t i d a n biologik,
nioddiy, m a ’naviy va boshqalar)ni q o n d iris h u c h u n xizmat
qiladi. S h u bois faollik faoliyatining a so siy m exan iz m larid an
birinchi b o l i b , tirik m avjudotlarning o ‘z im koniyati darajasida
tashqi o la m t a ’sirlariga javob qilishi sana la di.
B o rliq d a g i j o n l i m a v j u d o t l a r n i n g o ‘z ig a xos ta rz d a ,
m u a y y a n y o 'n a l i s h d a , m a ’lu m d a r a j a d a g i k u c h bilan xatti-
h a ra k a tn i a m a l g a oshirishga u n d o v c h i e h ti y o j la r u la r u c h u n
faollik m a n b a y i vazifasini bajaradi. P six o lo g ik m a n b a la rg a
a s o sla n ib fikr y u rita d ig a n b o ‘lsak, e h t i y o j — j o n l i m a v ju d o t
( h a y o t k e c h i r i s h i n i n g y a q q o l s h a r t - s h a r o i t l a r i g a u n i n g
sh u larg a t o b e ekan lig in i ifoda e t u v c h i v a m a z k u r s h a r t-
s h a r o itla r g a n i s b a t a n faolligini n a m o y o n q ilu v c h i h o la t)
tariqasida ifodalanadi.
I n s o n n i n g faolligi b o s h q a m a v j u d o t l a r d a n h a m m o -
hiyat, h a m shakl j i h a t d a n t u b d a n fa rq q iiib , y u z a g a k elgan
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e h t i y o j la r n i n g t u rli v a z iy a tla rd a q o n d ir i l is h i d a o kz ifodasini
to p a d i . J u m l a d a n , m a v ju d o tla r va h a y v o n l a r o lzla rin in g
tan as i, a 'z o l a r i tuzilish ig a , in stin k tla rn in g t u rli-tu m a n lig ig a
k o ‘ra, o ‘z o ‘ljasini t u t ib olishga n i s b a t a n intilishni vujudga
k e l t i r u v c h i t a b i i y i m k o n i y a t i , u n i o l d i n d a n p a y q a s h
s e z g i r l i g i o r q a l i z u d l i k b i l a n f a o l h a r a k a t q i l a d i .
H a y v o n l a r n i n g ehtiy o jla ri q o n d irilish i j a r a y o n i q a n c h a lik
m a q s a d g a m u v o f i q ra v ish d a k e c h g a n b o 'l s a , b u , o ‘z n av-
b a tid a , u l a r n i n g q u r s h a b o lgan y a s h a s h m u h itig a yengillik
b ila n m o s l a s h u v i n i t a ’m in la y d i. M a s a l a n , asalari x a tti-
h a r a k a t i n i n g t u g ‘m a , irsiy dasturi u n i n g g u lshira yig'ish
ehtiyojlari b i l a n c h e k la n i b q o l m a s d a n , balki bu ehtiyojlarni
q o n d i r i s h o b y e k t l a r i , y a ’ni g u l la r n i n g n a v la ri, u l a r n i n g
uzoq va yaqinligi, qaysi t o m o n d a joylashganligi, m o l - k o l l i g i
k a b ila r d a h a m a k s e ta d i. S hu b ois m a v j u d o tla r n i n g c h -
tiy o jlarid a u l a r n i n g faolligi om ili sifatida ta b iiy a lo m a tla r,
in stin k tla r, s h a r t s i z reflekslar va h o k a z o l a r bcvosita q a t-
n ashadi.
L e k in i n s o n l a r n i n g faolligi va u la r n i n g faollik m a n b a y i
h i s o b l a n m is h i n s o n i y eh tiyojla r t u b d a n b o s h q a c h a b o 'lib ,
b io logik s h a r t l a n g a n l ik d a n tash q a ri, m o d d i y va m a ’naviy
k o ‘r in i s h i a r d a n ib o ratd ir. O d a m n i n g e h tiyoji u n g a t a ’lim va
t a r b i y a b e r i s h j a r a y o n i d a s h a k l l a n a d i , y a ’ni i n s o n i y a t
t o m o n i d a n y a r a t i lg a n ijtimoiy ta jrib a , k o 'n i k m a , m alak a ,
o d a t , m a ' n a v i y a t , q a d r iy a t la r b i la n y a q i n d a n t a n i s h i s h ,
u l a r n i o ' z l a s h t i r i s h o r q a l i a m a l g a o s h i r i l a d i . T a b i a t
t o m o n i d a n v u j u d g a keltirilgan j i s m , n a r s a , b u y u m in so n
u c h u n b io l o g ik e h tiy o jn i q o n d iru v c h i o ‘lja m a ’nosini va
a h a m iy a tin i y o ‘q o ta d i . O d a m b o s h q a m a v ju d o tla r d a n farqli
o ‘l a r o q , i j t i m o i y - t a r i x i y t a r a q q i y o t d a v r i n i n g x u s u s iy
e h tiy o jla rig a x i z m a t qilu v ch i m u a y y a n b u y u m n i z a ru ra t
t alab ig a b i n o a n t u b d a n q ay ta o ‘zg a rtirish g a, t a k o m illa s h -
tirishga q o d i r o n g li zo td ir. S hu b o i s o d a m n i n g o ‘z e h ti-
y o j l a r i n i q o n d i r i s h j a r a y o n i i j t i m o i y - t a r i x i y t a r a q q i y o t
d a r a j a s i b i l a n o ‘l c h a n a d i g a n f a o li y a t s h a k l i v a t u r i n i
e g a ll a s h n in g f a o l, m u a y y a n m a q s a d g a y o ‘n a ltirilg a n lig i,
m a ’l u m re ja g a a s o s la n g a n ijodiy k o 'r i n i s h i sifatida a lo h id a
a h a m i y a t k a s b e ta d i.
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