On measures for further development of Higher Education System


b) Poetic and Highly Literary Words



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Begijonova Nodiraxon 410

b) Poetic and Highly Literary Words
Poetic words form a rather insignificant layer of the special literary vocabulary.
They are mostly archaic or very rarely used highly literary words which aim at producing an elevated effect. They have a marked tendency to detach themselves from the common literary word-stock and gradually assume the quality of terms denoting certain definite notions and calling forth poetic diction.
Poetic words and expressions are called upon to sustain the special elevated atmosphere of poetry. This may be said to be the main function of poetic words.
Such protests have had a long history. As far back as the 16th century Shakespeare in a number of lines voiced his attitude toward poeticisms, considering them as means to embellish poetry.
It is remarkable how Shakespeare though avoiding poetic words proper uses highly elevated vocabulary in his sonnets, such as ‘heaven’s air’, ‘rehearse’, ‘couplement’, ‘compare’ (noun), ‘rondure’, ‘hems’. The use of poetic words does not as a rule create the atmosphere of poetry in the true sense; it is a substitute for real art.
c) Archaic, Obsolescent and Obsolete Words
The word-stock of a language is in an increasing state of change. Words change their meaning and sometimes drop out of the language altogether. New words spring up and replace the old ones. Some words stay in the language a very long time and do not lose their faculty of gaining new meanings and becoming richer and richer polysemantically.
The beginning of the aging process when the word becomes rarely used. Such words are called o obsolescent, i. e. they are in the stage of gradually passing out of general use. To this category first of all belong morphological forms belonging to the earlier stages in the development of the language. In the English language these are the pronouns thou and its forms thee, thy and thine; the corresponding verbal ending -est and the verb-forms art, wilt (thou makest, thou wilt); the ending -(e)th instead of -(e)s (he maketh) and the pronoun ye.
The second group of archaic words are those that have already gone completely out of use but are still recognized by the English-speaking community: e. g. methinks (it seems to me); nay (= no). These words are calledobsolete.
The third group, which may be called archaic proper, are words which are no longer recognizable in modern English, words that were in use in Old English and which have either- dropped out of the language entirely or have changed in their appearance so much that they have become unrecognizable, e. g. troth ( = faith); a losel ( a worthless, lazy fellow).
There is still another class of words which is erroneously classed as archaichistorical words. By-gone periods in the life of any society are marked by historical events, and by institutions, customs, material objects, etc. which are no longer in use, for example: Thane, yeoman, goblet, baldric, mace. Words of this type never disappear from the language. They are historical terms and remain as terms referring to definite stages in the development of society and cannot therefore be dispensed with, though the things and phenomena to which they refer have long passed into oblivion. Historical words have no synonyms, whereas archaic words have been replaced by modern synonyms. [17, 89]

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